Competency 009

Question 1

What are the stages of spelling?

Answer 1

Scribbling, Pseudo Letters, Random Letters, Invented Spelling, Transitional Spelling, Conventional Spelling

Question 2

Scribbling

Answer 2

Children pretend they are writing; represents an awareness of the difference between writing and drawing to communicate

Question 3

Random Letters

Answer 3

Children create individual letters from the alphabet in an attempt to create words; write letter strings and often leave a space between strings, which suggest that they are beginning to understand word boundaries

Question 4

Invented Spelling

Answer 4

Children try to connect the sounds (phonemes) and the letters (graphemes) to create words resulting in nonstandard writing

Question 5

Transitional Spelling

Answer 5

Begin producing more standard spelling and attempt self-correction

Question 6

Conventional Spelling

Answer 6

Children spell most words using conventional spelling

Question 7

Emerging Writers

Answer 7

Dicate an idea or a complete story; Use initial sounds in their writing; Use pictures, scribbles, symbols, letters, and/or known words to communicate a message; Understand that writing symbolizes speech

Question 8

Early Writers

Answer 8

Understand that a written message remains the same each time it is read; utilize their knowledge of sounds and letters as they progress through the stages of spelling development; with modeling and assistance, incorporate feedback in revising and editing their own writing; begin to use conventional grammar, spelling, capitalization, and punctuation

Question 9

Newly Fluent Writers

Answer 9

Use prewriting strategies to achieve their purposes; Address a topic or write a prompt creatively and independently; Organize writing to include a beginning, a middle, and an end; Consistently use conventional grammar, spelling, capitalization, and punctuation; Revise and edit written work independently and/or collectively; Produce many genres of writing

Question 10

Strategies to introduce writing conventions

Answer 10

Modeling; Sentence Builders; Punctuation Exercises; Identifying Common Grammar Problems

Question 11

Vowel Digraph

Answer 11

Occurs when two vowels produce one sound (i.e. ea in beach)

Question 12

Consonant Digraph

Answer 12

More than one consonant that produces only one sound (i.e. th in thought)

Question 13

How to Minimize the Use of Choppy Sentences

Answer 13

1. Use conjunctions such as and, but, or, now, yet
2. Join two complete sentences with a semicolon
3. Use dependent and independent clauses