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ELA/Reading > Competency 001 > Flashcards

Competency 001 Flashcards

1
Q

What does language acquisition result from?

A

The combination of innate ability, imitation of what is said and heard, and multiple environmental influences

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2
Q

What is LAD?

A

Language Acquisition Device

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3
Q

Imitation.

A

A learning strategy that young children frequently use to replicate someone’s behavior, actions, phrases, etc.

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4
Q

What is the main purpose of language?

A

Communication

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5
Q

What are the 6 basic components of a language?

A

Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, Lexicon, Semantics, Pragmatics

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6
Q

Phonology.

A

The study of the sound system of a language

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7
Q

Phonemes.

A

The basic unit of sound

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8
Q

Graphemes.

A

Individual letters that represent phonemes

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9
Q

Morphology.

A

The study of the structure of words and word formations

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10
Q

Morphemes.

A

The smallest representation of meaning

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11
Q

Syntax.

A

Entails the ways in which words are organized and arranged in a language

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12
Q

Kernel Sentences.

A

Basic sentence structures (noun+intransitive verb+predicate nominative)

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13
Q

Lexicon.

A

The vocabulary of a language

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14
Q

Semantics.

A

The way that meaning is conveyed in a language though the use of its vocabulary

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15
Q

Connotation.

A

The implied meaning of words and ideas

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16
Q

Denotation.

A

The literal meaning of words and ideas

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17
Q

Pragmatics.

A

Describes how context can affect the interpretation of communication; describes the hidden rules of communication understood by native speakers of the same language

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18
Q

What are the stages of language development?

A

Babbling/Pre-Language; Holophrastic One-Word; Two-Word; Telegraphic

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19
Q

Babbling/Pre-Language Stage

A

0-6 months; use crying to communicate; make babbling sounds; can identify family members’ voices; follow certain commands; begin to understand hearing anger/excitement and question patterns

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20
Q

Holophrastic One-Word Stage

A

11-19 months; recognize name; follow simple tasks when shown; pointing; asking for help; understands and use word concepts

21
Q

Two-Word Stage

A

13-24 months; being using phrases; use pivot or open words

22
Q

Pivot Words

A

Words that can be used to accomplish multiple functions (i.e. no, up, all, see, more, gone)

23
Q

Open Words

A

Words that are generally used to refer to one concept (i.e. home, milk, doggy, juice, pants, shoe)

24
Q

Telegraphic Stage

A

18-27 months; language development goes beyond 2 word phrases; ie: milk all gone

25
Q

Content Words

A

Have high semantic value that can be used in multiple situations

26
Q

Function Words

A

Prepositions and articles; very limited at telegraphic stage

27
Q

Age 2-3 Language Development

A

200-300 words-grows to 900-1000 by age 3; produce short sentences

28
Q

Age 4 Language Development

A

1500 words; use more complex sentences; pronunciation and overgeneralization problems

29
Q

Age 5 Language Development

A

2100 words; working knowledge of grammar; most have mastered (-ing) and (-ed)

30
Q

Age 6-7 Language Development

A

Speaking vocab of 2100 and comprehensive vocab of 20,000+; can separate syllables, begin decoding written language

31
Q

Age 8-12 Language Development

A

Use of relative pronouns (8); gerunds (9); and roots/prefixes/suffixes (10-12) are used

32
Q

How does language interference occur?

A

1) when students use the phonology of their first language to pronounce words in English (most noticeable); 2) application of incorrect word stress

33
Q

What is curvilinear style?

A

Style of communication that allows speakers the option of deviating from the main topic without repercussion

34
Q

What is the Texas Observation Protocol (TOP)?

A

An instrument that was designed to assess the language proficiency of ELLs in Texas; speaking component and observational tool

35
Q

When do communication occurs?

A

When a person’s speech interferes with his/her ability to convey messages during interactions with community members

36
Q

What are the four types of communication disorders?

A

Voice, Fluency, Articulation, Language Processing

37
Q

Phonation Disorder

A

Voice disorder; describes any kind of abnormality in the vibration of the vocal fold; i.e. hoarseness

38
Q

Resonance Disorder

A

Voice Disorder; describes abnormalities created when sound passes through the vocal tract; i.e. nasal sounding

39
Q

Voice Disorders

A

Any type of distortion of the pitch, timbre, or volume of spoken communication; Phonation and Resonance

40
Q

Fluency Disorders

A

Any kind of condition that affects the child’s ability to produce coherent and fluent communication; Stuttering and Cluttering

41
Q

Stuttering

A

Multiple false starts or the inability to produce the intended sound

42
Q

Cluttering

A

When children try to communicate in an excessively fast mode that makes comprehension difficult

43
Q

Lisping

A

Articulation Problem; most common; occurs when children produce the sound /s/, /sh/, /z/, and /ch/ with their tongue between the upper and lower teeth

44
Q

Language Processing Disorders

A

Generally caused by a brain-based disturbance called aphasia

45
Q

What are the three types of aphasia?

A

Receptive, Expressive, and Global

46
Q

Receptive Aphasia

A

“Sensory aphasia”; results from a lesion to a region in the upper back part of the temporal lobe of the brain

47
Q

Expressive Aphasia

A

Results from damage to the lower back part of the frontal lobe

48
Q

Global Aphasia

A

Brain-based disorder that affects both the receptive and expressive features of language

49
Q

What are some activities that promote communication?

A

Dramatic Play, Language Play, Show-and-Tell, Puppet Show, Pair Interview, Presentations

ELA/Reading (11 decks)

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