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A level Psychology > Comparisons of Approaches > Flashcards

Comparisons of Approaches Flashcards

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1
Q

Main focus of Behaviourist

A

All behaviour is learnt. Animal and humans learn the same. The mind is irrelevant.

(Nurture/ Determinism)

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2
Q

Main focus of Cognitive

A

We are like a computer. The focus is on mental processes (input-process-output)

(Nature & Nurture / Freewill)

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3
Q

Main focus of Biological

A

Behaviour is caused by hormones, genetics, evolution and the CNS.

(Nature/ Determinism)

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4
Q

Main focus of Psychodynamic

A

Our childhood influences our behaviour unconsciously. We have innate drives and motivations.

(Nature/ Determinism)

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5
Q

Main focus of Humanistic

A

An individual should be seen as a whole and are driven to their full potential. Considers feelings and choices.

(Nurture/Free will)

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6
Q

What does Behaviourist ignore

A

Complex learning; genetics; personality; cognitive processes + structures.

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7
Q

What does Cognitive ignore

A

Genetics, personality, motivation; long term goals

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7
Q

What does Biological ignore

A

Environmental issues and cognitive structure and processing.

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8
Q

What does Psychodynamic ignore

A

Positive emotions; ‘normal’ individuals; biological factors (neurochemistry, genetics)

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9
Q

What does Humanistic ignore

A

Biological factors.; childhood and development; limited interest in cognitive structure

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10
Q

Who the does it test on? Behaviourist

A

Humans + animals
(Pavlov, Skinner, Bandura )

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11
Q

Who the does it test on? Cognitive

A

Human only

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12
Q

Who does it test on? Biological

A

Humans + animals

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13
Q

Who the does it test on? Psychodynamic

A

Humans only
(Anna O, Little Hans)

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14
Q

Who the does it test on? Humanistic

A

Human only.

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15
Q

Preferred method of testing: Behaviourist

A

Experiments – only observable behaviour to be measured.

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16
Q

Preferred method of testing: Cognitive

A

Experiments (Laboratory, field and natural)

17
Q

Preferred method of testing: Biological

A

Experiments + twin studies.

18
Q

Preferred method of testing: Psychodynamic

A

Case studies & therapy
(free association, dream analysis, Freudian slips)

19
Q

Preferred method of testing: Humanistic

A

Qualitative data. Reports. Therapy.

20
Q

Is it scientific? Behaviourist

A

Yes

21
Q

Is it scientific? Cognitive

A

Yes

22
Q

Is it scientific? Biological

A

Yes

23
Q

Is it scientific? Psychodynamic

A

No

24
Q

Is it scientific? Humanistic

A

No

25
Q

Known for: Behaviourist

A

Classical/Operant conditioning. Social Learning Theory

26
Q

Known for: Cognitive

A

Twin studies and concordance rates; Brain structure; Phineas Gage.

27
Q

Known for: Biological

A

Schemas. Barlett (1932); cognitive neuroscience; CBT

28
Q

Known for: Psychodynamic

A

Psychosexual stages, Personality; Defence mechanisms;

29
Q

Unconscious or Conscious mind? Behaviourist

A

Conscious

29
Q

Known for: Humanistic

A

Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs; Rogers self-actualisation; Counselling Psychology.

30
Q

Unconscious or Conscious mind? Biological

A

Unconscious

31
Q

Unconscious or Conscious mind? Cognitive

A

Both

32
Q

Unconscious or Conscious mind? Psychodynamic

A

Unconscious

33
Q

Unconscious or Conscious mind? Humanistic

A

Conscious

34
Q

Biological Explanation for atypical behaviour

A

Inherited factors, faulty functioning of neurotransmitters

35
Q

Behaviourist Explanation for atypical behaviour

A

Maladaptive learning & Modelling of dysfunctional role models and observational learning

36
Q

Cognitive Explanation for atypical behaviour

A

Irrational thinking

37
Q

Psychodynamic Explanation for atypical behaviour

A

Conflict in the unconscious mind and overuse of defence mechanisms.

38
Q

Humanistic Explanation for atypical behaviour

A

Lack of unconditional positive regard, incongruence

39
Q

What is meant by the term ecological validity?

A

-The extent to which behaviours observed and recorded in a study reflect the behaviours that actually occur in real life.

A level Psychology (22 decks)

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