Community Water Fluoridation

Question 1

Topical F

Answer 1

applied to tooth

Question 2

Systemic F

Answer 2

taken into the body

Question 3

Factors causing caries

Answer 3

host, agent (bacteria), time, environment (diet)

Question 4

fluoridation

Answer 4

the adjustment of the F content of a community’s water supply for an optimal [c] for prevention of dental caries-one of the Ten Greatest Public Health Achievements during the 20th century

Question 5

Colorado Brown Stain

Answer 5

ID’d in Colorado by Dr. F McKay that F was causing mottle enamel

Question 6

Coined the term dental fluorosis and an index to classify its severity

Answer 6

Dr. H T. Dean-U.S. Public Health Service Worker

Question 7

First community water fluoridation program was where

Answer 7

Grand Rapids MI

Question 8

in 1962 it was determined that water F concentration should be based on ________ (think consumption)

Answer 8

region temperature-hotter=drink more water

Question 9

U.S. Dept. HHS recommends a level of _____ mg/L or ppm for all community water? Before this what range was accepted

Answer 9

0.7; before it was 0.7-1.2ppm but above 1 starts causing dental fluorosis

Question 10

in 2014 the HSH decided that all regions should have ____ppm F in water, because _____ did not change intake of F

Answer 10

0.7ppm

Temperature (did not matter)

Question 11

Past thought mechanism of action of F

Answer 11

believed to be incorporated into the developing tooth enamel, a benefit to children’s health only

Question 12

Dental caries more or less prevalent today?

Answer 12

Less among all ages (lower DMF scores)

Question 13

fluorosis rates trend

Answer 13

increasing

Question 14

Current mechanism of action of F (what we think now)

Answer 14

F works best to control caries when constantly present in low ambient levels in the oral cavity (minor pre-eruptive action), benefits people of all ages

Question 15

Post-eruptive mech of action of F

Answer 15

inhibition of demin of sound enamel, enhancement of remin during repeated de/remin cycles, inhibit bacterial activity (less action production)

Question 16

Pre-eruptive mechanism of action of F

Answer 16

NOT proven….. incorporated into the enamel, reduce solubility, more caries-resistant

Question 17

How is F most effective

Answer 17

low concentrations over a long period of time

Question 18

Surfaces on the tooth which get better protection from F

Answer 18

smooth surfaces (better than pits and fissures)-***KNOW THIS

Question 19

____% reduction in caries when consuming F

Answer 19

30%

Question 20

Diffused benefit of F

Answer 20

beverages and food products produced in F communities are exported to surrounding communities

Question 21

Halo Effect

Answer 21

Diffuses benefit of F—beverages and food products produced in F communities are exported to surrounding communities

Question 22

Dilution of F

Answer 22

Availability of F through multiple sources such as tooth pastes, mouth rinses, and professional application

Question 23

benefits of F (who? cost? what it does?)

Answer 23

benefits all SES, race etc, cheap, overcomes other barriers and mass prevention

Question 24

Economics of water F? How cost effective is it

Answer 24

shown to be the most effective prevention measure

Question 25

Two main reasons why CWF is less effective today

Answer 25

Diffusion and Dilution

Question 26

Cost effectiveness

Answer 26

economic analysis that compares the relative costs and outcomes of different courses of action

Question 27

Cost-benefit ratio

Answer 27

an analysis that assigns a monetary value to the measure of effect

Question 28

Factors influencing per capita cost of water F

Answer 28

``` size (population)-bigger=lower cost number of F injection points type of equipment to be used Amount and type of F chemical used, its price, storage Expertise of water plant How much F the water source already has ```

Question 29

over 50,000 population it cost roughly ___ to F water

Answer 29

~14 cents-that is one study in MN

Question 30

Healthy people 2020 goal is what

Answer 30

to get 79.6% water F

Question 31

Community mandatory F Laws

Answer 31

mandates about water supplies serving a certain number of people must be F

Question 32

US Public Health Services recommend but cannot enforce

Answer 32

levels of F for caries prevention

Question 33

___ sets safe drinking water standards and sets the upper/max limit of F

Answer 33

EPA

Question 34

EPA does NOT question what

Answer 34

Low levels of F, they ONLY do high levels

Question 35

Health risk of drinking F water at the levels allowed in drinking water? (i.e. if you drink 2 gallons, will you overdose?)

Answer 35

Nah, there is none

Question 36

Severe forms of skeletal fluorosis after _______

Answer 36

lifetime of high exposure

Question 37

Anti F Arguments (politics)

Answer 37

Adverse health effects, not effective, mass medication, autonomy (people should be able to decide), communist plot

Question 38

EPA says people who consume _____mg/L have an increased risk of bone fractures

Answer 38

4mg/L

Question 39

Children aged 8 and younger who consume water with ____ mg/L to ___ mg/L are at increased risk for enamel fluorosis

Answer 39

2mg to 3.9mg/L

Question 40

Propaganda from the F action network

Answer 40

``` bad studies (from countries with high F) False links between F and other diseases ```

Question 41

Wisconsin study in Antigo

Answer 41

made an inaccurate connection between heart disease and recent F and stopped F. after 200% caries rate increase in 5 yrs they started again. Idiots

Question 42

School water Fluoridation (what levels?)

Answer 42

used where community drinking water could not be fluorinated... Fluoridated at 4.5 TIMES the optimal concentration ***KNOW THIS

Question 43

most bottled water contains ___ ppm F

Answer 43

0.3ppm-not required to be labeled

Question 44

Water filters-Remove F?

Answer 44

Some do- some don't | -reverse osmosis and distillation units (99%)