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Foundations 2 Exam 1 > Cariology 4 > Flashcards

Cariology 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is risk

A

the probability that an event will occur, an event occurring within a specific period of time, usually connotes the event will lead to a negative implication. Jeez

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2
Q

Why is it important to estimate caries risk

A

caries is almost universal, not everyone will get a cavity, diagnostic ability to locate small cavities is rather poor

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3
Q

Most important activity we engage in

A

determining patient risk of current oral environment in causing formation of cavities requiring restoration-dictate aggressiveness of our therapies

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4
Q

what dictates aggressiveness of our therapies

A

caries risk

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5
Q

There is not one set of conditions that can be determined highest risk in a single patient-just know this

A

–

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6
Q

Factors contributing to disease are dependent on

A

Dose-how much
Frequency-how often
Duration-how long

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7
Q

Factors to be immediately involved in caries process

A

Attack and defense mechanisms

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8
Q

Factors related to occurrence of cavities

A

educational factors
Socioeconomic factors
Past Caries experience

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9
Q

Attack mechanisms

A

Bacteria and fermentable carbs

Strep Mutans-initiators

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10
Q

Initiator of caries and why

A

Strep mutans

  • acidogenic
  • aciduric
  • produce glycans and fructans to adhere to tooth
  • some produce substance which will kill neighboring bacteria and produce dominence in the flora
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11
Q

Bacteria dose and predictor

A

high levels of S mutans increases risk-not a good predictor alone

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12
Q

low levels of s mutans

A

is a good predictor for future cavities avoidance

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13
Q

Older plaque….

A

can transport materials/nutrients better

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14
Q

Amount of glucose to drop pH from 7 to below 4.8

A

15ml

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15
Q

15ml of glucose pH if brush and floss after

A

above 5.5 so okay (above critical level)

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16
Q

Progressor of cavities

A

Lactobacillus

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17
Q

larger sugar consumption means what

A

more lactobacillus –> more acid

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18
Q

Sucrose

A

complex carb with glucose and fructose

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19
Q

prime sugar contributing to glucans and fructans

A

sucrose

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20
Q

Starch and caries

A

repeating glucose, can form glucans to help adhere

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21
Q

Fructose and caries

A

moderate cariogenecity, can form fructans

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22
Q

lactose and caries

A

low cariogenecity

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23
Q

Dose of fermentable carbs

A

sucrose drops pH fast, more sugar will not drop pH more just will take longer for saliva to remove sugar from teeth (low cariogenic plaque returns pH to normal from acidic faster )

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24
Q

10% sucrose in 5 min does what

A

pH from 7 to 4.5

25
Q

Saliva defense (how?)

A

buffers, water in saliva will dilute acids, Ca and P stabalize enamel equilibrium

26
Q

Stimulated vs non stimulated saliva

A

stimulated is better, from smell, taste, chewing

27
Q

contains bicarb?

A

saliva

28
Q

what will bicarb do

A

buffer and reduces solubility of the enamel crystal

29
Q

proportion of salivary proteins in saliva on cavity rates

A

it has an effect

30
Q

A large part of the reason why we ask what medications someone is on

A

they reduce salivary flow

31
Q

Sleeping reduces what

A

salivary flow, thus sugar stays in the mouth longer

32
Q

Chewing gum vs caries

A

increases saliva, this is good

33
Q

Fluoride present will preferentially form what apatite

A

Flourohydroxyapatite

34
Q

poison to ameloblast

A

Fluoride is, will produce poor enamel formation

35
Q

fluoride does what to solution

A

super-saturates it

36
Q

small doses of Fluoride often or large doses less often?

A

small doses often-hence water

37
Q

is SES status a cause or correlation of cavities?

A

no-just a relationship

38
Q

is gingivitis a direct indicator of cavities?

A

no, but likely do not brush a lot so this is bad news bears

39
Q

non-surgical caries measures

A

antibacterial mouthwash
xylitol
flouride
amorphous calcium phosphate

40
Q

more than 1 million cfu’s S. mutans?

A

prescribe chlorhexidine gluconate .12% QD or BID x14 days-reculture and repeat if necessary

41
Q

When Rx of antibacterial mouthwash can be stopped

A

once 2 consecutive cultures with low (<100,000cfu)

42
Q

How do you keep the patient below 1 million without the mouthwash

A

xylitol

43
Q

appropriate dose of xylitol

A

5-10grams/day in 3-5 divided doses

44
Q

A problem with xylitol

A

not absorbed well, water goes to it, cause diarhhea

45
Q

high dose fluoride recommended for who? Why?

A

children over 10 (because enamel is finished on most teeth crowns)

46
Q

How do we know how much fluoride is in a product? 1 ppm = ?

A

1mg Fl/liter water

47
Q

Children swallow about how much fluoride from toothpaste

A

about 1/2

48
Q

a 1% solution has _____ppm

A

10,000ppm

49
Q

colgate total has .14% w/v fluoride, how much fluoride in ppm?

A

14,000ppm

50
Q

fluoride varnishes have ______ppm

A

22,500ppm but use little

51
Q

Fluoride varnish releases for how long

A

4-6 hours

52
Q

% reduction when fluoride varnish is used 2-3x year

A

14% reduction of caries

53
Q

Silver diamine fluoride % reduction

A

70-80%, arrests decay for up to 6 months

54
Q

Licorice root

A

kills a shit ton of S. mutans,

55
Q

Smart bombs

A

kills stuff

56
Q

acts as a yardstick for sugar consumption

A

lactobacillus

57
Q

F in mouth when teeth first erupt

A

very little

58
Q

KSP of FHAP ___ KSP of HAP; thus which will form in solution super saturated with F

A

FHAP < HAP; so FHAP is formed in preference

59
Q

Silver diamine F turns demineralized tooth ______ (color)

A

black-and arrests decay for ~6 months

Foundations 2 Exam 1 (12 decks)

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