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SA1 - Child Health > Community > Flashcards

Community Flashcards

1
Q

What is the autism spectrum?

A

This from severe autism to high functioning Aspergers

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3
Q

What is the autistic triad?

A
  1. Impairment of social relationships
  2. Impairment of social communication
  3. Impairment of imagination
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4
Q

What are the key impairments in autism

A
  • Stays in isolation
  • doesnt understand social cues or the feelings of others
  • doesnt like loud noises or self injures
  • Echolalia - repeating words or phrases
  • Not pointing - no protodeclaritive pointing
  • Doesnt understand body language
  • Uses people as tools (hands as tools)
  • No eye contact
  • Drawn to trivial things eg spinning wheels
  • Lack of imaginitive play
  • Shows repetitive behaviour
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5
Q

At what age does moderate/sever autism present?

A

With developmental delay before 30 months

They don’t reach milestones or regress

REGRESSION OF MILESTONES

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6
Q

What is high functioning/aspergers and at what age does it present?

A

IQ >70

Presents at school age

May have no developmental delay or may show peculiar interests (opera) or particular inteligence

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7
Q

What is atypical autism?

A

May fit one or two of the triad

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8
Q

How is autism managed?

A

Education

Behavioural and psychological treatment

Melatonin for sleep disoders

SSRIs for anxiety

Risperidone for aggression

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9
Q

What is a learning disability and what are some causes?

A
  1. IQ
  2. Below 18 (developmental age)
  3. Impacts on daily function

Genetic - Downs, Fragile X

Infection - Meningitis, encephalitis, rubella

Trauma

Malnutrition

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10
Q

What is cerebral palsy?

A

It is a group of disorders that affects the development of movement and posture

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11
Q

When does the catalyst for cerebral palsy have to occur?

A

Before 2

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12
Q

What are the three types of CP?

A
  1. Spastic
  2. Dyskinetic (extra pyramidal - involuntary)
  3. Ataxic
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13
Q

What is the most common type of CP?

A

Spastic

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14
Q

What two things characterise spastic CP?

A

Resistance to passive movement

Increases with velocity

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15
Q

What is the pathology behind spastic CP?

A

Damage to the motor cortex

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16
Q

What types of spastic CP are there?

A

Hemiplegia

Quadriplegia

Diplegia

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17
Q

What is extrapyramidal (dyskinetic) CP associated with?

A

Basal ganglia or pyramidal tract damage

18
Q

What are the three types of dyskinetic?

A
  1. Dystonic - sustained contraction of agonist and antagonists with stronger muscles winning. eg hip flexionsion and knee extension
  2. Chorea - Slow writhing
  3. Athetoid - rapid sudden movements
19
Q

What is ataxic cerebral palsy?

A

Ataxia which is loss of smooth muscles movement which affects speech and walking.

Associated with cerebellar damage

20
Q

What are some prenatal causes of CP?

A

Rubella, chromosome abnormalities

21
Q

What are some perinatal causes of CP?

A

Asphyxia, haemorrhage

22
Q

What are some postnatal causes of CP?

A

CVA, infection, hyperbilirubinaemia

23
Q

Which one is hyperbilirubinaemia associated with?

A

Dyskenetic

24
Q

Which one is hypoxia associated with?

A

Dyskinetic

25
Q

How does it present?

A

At birth it may be obvious or they may miss developmental milestones such as not sitting aline at 6 months or walking alone at 1 year

26
Q

What would you see on examination?

A

Abnormal tone (dyskentic)

Ataxia (ataxic)

Hyperreflexia (spastic)

27
Q

How is CP coservatively managed?

A

Physio, education, walking aids

28
Q

What is the medical management for CP?

How do they work?

A

Baclofen - Gaba agonist (anti spasmodic)

Botulinum - ACH antagonist (blocks muscle contraction)

29
Q

What is the surgical management for CP?

A

Orthopedic correction

Cutting sensory fibres so less motor stimulation - causes very weak muscles

30
Q

What are the four areas of development?

A

Gross motor

Fine Motor

Speech and language

Social

31
Q

What are the gross motor milestones?

A
32
Q

What are the fine motor milestones

A
33
Q

What are the speech and language milestones?

A
34
Q

What are the social milestones

A

http://almostadoctor.co.uk/node/462/revisions/view/6197/6486

SA1 - Child Health (11 decks)

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