Clinic GI Flashcards
- What is pattern of GORD in children?
- What are the symptoms?
- How is it managed?
- Wat are potential complications
- Common up to a year due to inappropriate relaxtion of LOS.
- Presents with vomiting or regurg but PUTTING ON WEIGHT
- Food thickeners, sitting upright when eating
- Oesophagitis, FTT if vomiting severe, aspiration pneumonia
- What is projectile vomiting in the first few weeks of life a red flag for?
- What other symptoms and signs are there?
- What is the test for it?
- What is the treatment?
- Pyloric Stenosis
- Visible gastric peristalsis, palpable abdominal mass, dehydration/hyponaetremia/hypokalaemia/metabolic alkalosis from vomiting
- Food test and feeling mass
- ABCDE to stabliise, then surgically
What is intussception and what part of the bowel is usually affected?
When does it tend to occur?
Invagination of proximal bowel into distal bowel, commonly ileum into cecum
occurs 3 months - 1 year
What is the presentation of intussception?
Red Flags Drawing up of knees to chest
Sausage shaped mass in abdomen
Red current jelly stoop
Vomiting
Severe colicky pain and pallor
What is the treatment of intussception?
Enema - if this doesnt work then surgery
What things need to be ruled out in acute abdo pain?
- Medical causes - LL pneumonia, DKA, hepatitis, pyelonephritis
- Hernia, torsion
- Appendicits NB guarding may be absent but pain can be illicated by walking or coughing
What is Hirschprungs disease and what is the red flag?
Lack of neural developement so no peristalsis in gut causing constipation and build up proximal to affected area.
Red flag - Not passing meconium
What could be a neurological cause for vomiting and abdo pain?
Abdominal migraine - common in infants
What is Meckels Divurticulum?
Outpoke of yolk sac containing gastric or parietal cells.
Can cause severe rectal bleeding but may be asymptomatic
What are the symptoms of cows milk protein intolerance (CMPI)
Dermatological, GI, Resp
Occurs in bottle fed children or after 6m when weening commences
What can cause cholestatis?
Cholestasis + Low GGT in kids and what is it related to?
TPN
Bile Salt Export Pump Deficiency (BSEPD) - Linked to oral contraception
Why is biliary atresia important in children?
Needs to be fixed in 90 days or a transplant will be needed.
NB - IBD/CD in kids
What is this a red flag for?
Bile stained vomit?
Intestinal obstruction
What is this a red flag for?
Haematemesis
Peptic ulcer
Oesophagitis
