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HSC BIOLOGY > communications > Flashcards

communications Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

define accomodation

A

eye changes shape of the lens to achieve a focused image of either distant or nearby objects

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2
Q

define aqueous humor

A

is the liquid between the lens and the cornea that is responsible for refracting light

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3
Q

define auditory nerve

A

transmits electrical messages from ear to brain so that sound can be interpreted

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4
Q

define cataract

A

clouding of the lens

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5
Q

what does the cerebellum do ?

A

regulates coordination

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6
Q

define choroid

A

a layer between the sclera and the retina, provides oxygen and nourishment

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7
Q

define colour blindness

A

inability to detect particular colours caused by a lack of specific colour cone cells

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8
Q

define cone cells

A

light sensitive cell found on the retina of the eye, particularly important in colour perception- concentrated @ the fovea

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9
Q

define cornea

A

transparent layer at the front of the eye, refracts incoming light

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10
Q

define effector

A

a muscle or gland that produces a response to a stimulus

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11
Q

define fovea

A

point on the retina with the greatest account and the greatest number of cone cells (6.5 million)

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12
Q

define incus

A

one of the three small bones in the middle ear

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13
Q

define ion

A

a charged atom or group of atoms

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14
Q

define iris

A

coloured part of the eye, controls the amount of light entering the eye

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15
Q

define labyrinth

A

organ in the inner ear that is responsible for balance

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16
Q

define lateral line

A

a visible line along the head and body of fish and amphibians, senses low frequency sound

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17
Q

define malleus

A

first of three small bones in the middle ear

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18
Q

define acuity

A

sharpness of vision

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19
Q

define axon

A

an extension on a neurone that takes the impulse away from the cell body

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20
Q

define binocular

A

involving the use of two eyes with overlapping field of view resulting in depth perception

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21
Q

define bioluminescence

A

the production of light by living organismss

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22
Q

define blind spot

A

the place on the retina where the opt nerve leaves the eye, contains no light sensitive cells

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23
Q

define ceteceans

A

order of marine mmala

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24
Q

define ciliary body

A

contains the suspensory ligaments and the ciliary muscles in the eye

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25
Q

define ciliarymuscles

A

small musclesattatched to the lens that change the shape of the lens to focus on near and far objects

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26
Q

define mechanoreceptors

A

a receptor that responds to sound, pressure, such and position

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27
Q

define medulla oblongata

A

involuntaryactions

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28
Q

define monocular

A

vision from one eye

29
Q

define myelin sheath

A

a mixture of fat and proteins that acts as an insular around neurones

30
Q

define myopia

A

short sightedness

31
Q

define nerve

A

a bundle of neuronal fibres

32
Q

define neuromasts

A

sensory cells found in the lateral line organ of fish and amphibians

33
Q

define neurone:

A

a single nerve cell

34
Q

define neurotransmitters

A

chemicals that transmit the nerve impulse in the synapse between two neurones

35
Q

define ocelli

A

simple eye spot

36
Q

define ommatlia

A

visual units of the compound eye of invertebrates

37
Q

define optic nerve

A

nerve that leaves the retina of the eye

38
Q

define otolith

A

calcareous mass found in the ear of some vertebrates, important in sound perception in fish

39
Q

define oval window

A

the connecting plate between the middle ear and inner ear

40
Q

define peripheral

A

on the outer side

41
Q

define pheromone

A

chemicals released as a signal

42
Q

define photoreceptor

A

an organ or cell, sensitive to light

43
Q

define pitch

A

function of the frequency of a wave, high or low sounds have high or low pitch

44
Q

define polarisation

A

separation of positive and negative ions

45
Q

define pupil

A

the opening in the iris of the eye

46
Q

define receptor

A

detect changes in the environment

47
Q

define recessive

A

not expressed in the phenotype unless it is the only gene present

48
Q

define refraction

A

bending of light

49
Q

define refractory period

A

the time taken for a neurone to recover afterfiring

50
Q

define resting potential

A

the normal state of a neurone, negatively charged internally

51
Q

define retina

A

light sensitive lining on the back of the eye

52
Q

define rhodopsin

A

light sensitive pigment found in rod cells

53
Q

define rod cells

A

light sensitive cells especially useful for the detection of low light

54
Q

define schwann cells

A

a type of cell that produces the myelin sheath around nerve cells

55
Q

define sclera

A

tough white coating in the eye

56
Q

define sex linkage

A

a gene found on one of the sex chromosomes

57
Q

define sound shadow

A

the acoustic shadow cast by the head, used in the localisation of sound

58
Q

define spike

A

a graphical interpretation of the firing of a neurone

59
Q

define stapes

A

the third bone in the middle ear

60
Q

define stereocilia

A

hair like extensions on hair cells that contact the tectorial membrane and send an impulse to the brain

61
Q

define stimuli

A

an external message that excites a receptor

62
Q

define stimulus

A

singular of above

63
Q

define synapse

A

the gap between two neurones

64
Q

define syrinx

A

the voice box of birds

65
Q

define threshold

A

a level of intensity necessary to fire a neurone

66
Q

define transparent

A

clear, see through

67
Q

define tympanic organ

A

a hearing organ found in insects that is similar in structure to the mammalian eardrum

68
Q

define vitreous humour

A

jelly like substance that fills the eye between the lens and the retina

HSC BIOLOGY (15 decks)

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