9.2.3 Flashcards
a main function of water in chemical reactions
by being a medium (as it dissolves other substances)
why must wastes be removed ?
some
- are poisonous
- take up space
- create problems for osmoregulation
excretory system takes care to ?
excreting nitrogenus wastes and maintaining a constant blood composition
what has the dual role of excreting nitrogenous wastes and maintaining the water balance in mammals and fish ?
Kidney
if a person suffers from kidney failure is there a natural means by which these wastes can be removed ?
no
the two types of renal dialysis ?
haemodialysis (outside body) and peritoneal dialysis (inside body)
what happens when amino acids are broken down ?
they produce ammonia (mammals convert to urea)
concentrated urine helps mammals and fish living in dehydrating envionments how ?
to reabsorb water into the blood as to maintain water balance
what process allows ONLY the movement of water from a dilute to a concentrated solution (waste remains)
Osmosis
passive transport in mammalian kidney
diffusion and osmosis (water)
active transport in mammalian kidney
the substance in which must be reabsorbed against a gradientv(sodium, glucose, amino acids)
how many nephrons in the human body ?
one million
flitration and reabsorption in the mammalian nephron
a) what flows into the kidney under high pressure ?
b) plasma is forced through ?
c) then into the bowmans ______
d) travels along the t______
e) substances such as water, glucose and ____ are what in the loop of henle ?
f) travels to ____ tube where the salts are absorbed
g) the walls of the collecting tubules may or may not be what to water ?
a) blood
b) glomerulus
c) capsule
d) tubules
e) salts, reabsorbed
f) distal
g) permeable
list a fault in having renal dialysis occur ?
not as complex as the kidney itslef
what is produced by the adrenal cortex, maintains the level of water and salts in the body, stimulates the reabsorbing of sodium into the blood, leads to increase of sodium ion and water in the blood and rises volume and blood pressure
Aldosterone
what is produced by the hypothalamus, stimulates the reabsorbing of water in the blood, increases concentration of urine and blood volume
ADH
Enantitostasis is ?
maintenance of metabolic and physiological functions
marine animals, marine plants or marine invertebrates ?
maintain homeostasis through osmoregulation, maintains constant body fluid, excretes salt and concentrated urine
marine animals
marine animals, marine plants or marine invertebrates ?
osmoconformers, body fluid varies with environment
… plants and invertebrates
marine animals, marine plants or marine invertebrates ?
osmoconformers, body fluid varies with environment
….invertebrates and plants
name it:
urea, concentration and volume differs, needs to conserve water when excreting
terrestrial mammal
name it:
highly concentrated urine in form of urea, must conserve water, excess salt accumulated in bodies actively secretes
marine(salt) fish
name it:
dilute urine in form of ammonia, too much water accumulates in tissues, habitat contains few dissolved salts needs to actively reabsorb
freshwater fish
name it:
highly conentrated urine,uric acid, semi solid paste, need to conserve water
insects and birds
