Communication Disorders Flashcards
Explain Aphasia
Acquired neurological impairment of processing for receptive and/or expressive language
typically a result of TI, CVA, head trauma, Tumor or infection
T or F: 95% of Right-handed persons and 66% of left-handed persons are left hemisphere dominant for language
True
Describe the Prognosis for Aphasia
Depended on the individual patient, location, and extent of the lesion.
Typically the more sudden the onset of damage (acute CVA), the higher extent of aphasia can be expected
These are often associated with poor Px: preservation of speech, severe auditory comprehension impairments, unreliable yes/no answers, and the use of empty speech w/o recognition of impairments
Fluent aphasia typically involves what structures?
Involves Temporal lobe, Wernicke’s area or regions of parietal lobe
Characteristics of Fluent Aphasia
- Word output and speech production are functional
- Prosody is acceptable, but empty speech/jargon
- Speech lacks any substance, use of paraphasias
- Use of neologisms (substitution within a word that is so severe it makes the word unrecognizable)
Non-fluent Aphasia frequently involves what structures?
Frontal lobe (anterior speech center) of the dominant hemisphere is affected
Characteristics of Non-Fluent Aphasia
- Poor word output and dysprosium speech (impairment in the rhythm and inflection of speech)
- Poor articulation and increased effort for speech
- COntent is present, but impaired syntactical words
What are the types of Fluent Aphasia?
- Wernicke’s Aphasia
2. Conduction Aphasia
Where is the lesion in Wernicke’s Aphasia
Lesion in the posterior region of superior Temporal gyrus
Wernicke’s Aphasia characteristics
- Known as receptive aphasia
- Comprehension (reading/auditory) impaired
- Good articulation, use of paraphasias
- Impaired writing
- Poor naming ability
- Motor impairment not typical due to the distance from Wernicke’s area to motor cortex
Where is the lesion in Conduction Aphasia
Supramarginal gyrus, arcuate fasciculus
Characteristics of Conduction Aphasia
- severe impairment with relation
- intact fluency, good comprehension
- speech interrupted by word finding difficulties
- reading intact, writing impaired
What are the types of Non-fluent Aphasia
Broca’s Aphasia and Global Aphasia
What is a Broca’s lesion located?
3rd convolution of frontal lobe
Characteristics of Broca’s Lesion?
- Also known as expressive aphasia
- Most common form of aphasia
- intact auditory and reading comprehension
- Impaired repetition and naming skills
- frustration with language skill errors
- Paraphasias are common
- Motor impairment typical due to proximity of Broca’s area to the motor cortex
Where is the lesion of Global Aphasia located?
Frontal, temporal, parietal lobes
Charateristics of Global Aphasia
- Comprehension (reading/auditory) is severely impaired
- Impaired naming, writing, repetition skills
- May involuntarily verbalize, usually without correct context
- May use nonverbal skills for communication
What is verbal apraxia?
Non-dysarthric and non-Aphasic impairment of prosody and articulation of speech
Characteristics of Verbal Apraxia
- Verbal expression impaired secondary to deficits in motor planning
- pt is unable to initiate learned movement (articulation of speech) even though they understand the task
Where is the lesion located in verbal aphasia ?
Left frontal lobe adjacent to Broca’s area
Describe dysarthria
Motor disorder of speech that is caused by an UMN lesion that affects the muscles that are used to articulate words and sounds
*slurred speech and may also be an effect on respiratory or phonatory systems due to weakness
