Basal Ganglia Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Akinesia

A

In ability ot initiate movment and is seen in the late stages of PD

Associated with assumption and maintenance of fixed postures (freezing episodes)

Tremendous amount of effort is required to perform even the simplest motor activites

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2
Q

Athetosis

A

Slow, Involunatry, writhing, twisting, “wormlike” movements; frequently greater involved in distal UEs

Also referred to as athetoid movements

Pure athetosis is uncommon and typically present with spasticity, tonic spasms, or chorea

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3
Q

Bradykinesia

A

Decreased amplitude and velocity of voluntary movements

May be demonstrated in a variety of ways such as: decreased arm swings; slow, shuffling gait, difficulty initiation or changing direction; lack of facial expression; or difficulty stopping a movement once begun

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4
Q

Chorea

A

Characterized by involuntary, rapid, irregular, and jerky movements involving multiple joints.

Choreiform movements demonstrate irregular timing, are most apparent in the UE and cannot be voluntarily inhibited; associated with Huntington’s disease

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5
Q

Hemiballismus

A

Large-amplitude sudden violent, flailing motions of the arm and leg of one side of the body

Primary involvement is in the axial Nd proximal musculature of the limb

Hemiballismus results from a lesion of the contralateral subthalamic nucleus

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6
Q

Hyperkinesis

A

Abnormally increased muscle activity or movement

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7
Q

Hypokinesia

A

Decreased motor response especially to a specific stimulus

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8
Q

Rigidity

A

Increase in muscle tone causing greater resitance to passive movement

Tends to be more pronounced in the flexor muscles of the turnk and extremities causing activity limitations in such areas as: dressing, transfers, speech, eating, and postural control

Two kinds: lead-pipe rigidity and cog-wheel rigidity

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9
Q

Leadpipe rigidity

A

Uniform, constant resistance felt b the PT as the extremity is moved through a ROM

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10
Q

Cog-wheel rigidity

A

Considered a combination of the lead-pipe type with tremor. Characterized b a series of brief relaxations or “catches” as the extremity is passively moved

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11
Q

Resting Tremor

A

Typically disappear or decrease with purposeful movements, but may increase with emotional stress.

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12
Q

Where are tremors associated with basal ganglia lesions (eg PD) are frequently noted?

A

Distal UE in the form of “pill rolling” (looks as if a pill is being rolled bt two fingers and the thumb)

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