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Clinical Science 2016 > Communicable Diseases > Flashcards

Communicable Diseases Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Infectious diseases

A

illness caused by specific microorganism

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2
Q

Communicable disease

A

infectious disease transmitted from one person to another

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3
Q

endemic

A

diseaes with a relatively high but constant rates of infections in a particular population

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4
Q

epidemic

A

the number of new infections exceeds the normal number of infections

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5
Q

pandemic

A

an epidemic that spreads across continents or world wide

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6
Q

Portal of exit

A 
how pathogenic agent leaves infected host to invade another: 
genitourinary tract
GI tract
resp tract
skin (open wounds)
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7
Q

Modes of transmission

A

direct contact
indirect contact
food or waterorne
airborne

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8
Q

susceptibility to communicable diseases

A 
age
genreal health status
immune status 
cultural behaviours
sexual behaviours
enviornmental and geographical conditions
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9
Q

nosocomical infections

A

people who arrive at hospital catch infections they did not have prior to admission due to the large amount of bacteria and infections in a hospital

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10
Q

MRSA

A

methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus infections

resistant to antibiotics

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11
Q

symptoms ot MRSA

A

redness, swelling, pain, pus, area hot to touch, boils, abscesses, cellulitis
malaise, febrile, rigors, SOB, dizziness secondary to hypotension

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12
Q

Those most at risk of MRSA

A 
people with weak immune systems 
young children
elderly
people stayng or working in health care 
people who spend time in enclossed high population density areas
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13
Q

Meningococcal

A

bacterial infection leading to sepsis with the causative organism being neuisseria meningitis

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14
Q

signs and symptoms of meningococcal

A 
neck stiffness/joint pain
altered conscious state
headache
photophobia
febrile
N+V 
tachypnoea 
tachycardia 
hypotension
purpuric rash
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15
Q

Paramedic Management of Meningococcal

A

PPE
Ceftriaxone
notify recieving hospital
notify DTM for follow up of possible staff exposure

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16
Q

HIV/AIDS

A

causes AIDS

progressive deficiency of immune cells, activation and immune response

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17
Q

Transmission of HIV

A 
blood and bodily fluids
sex
placenta/breast milk
direct contact with infeted body fluid or blood 
blood transfusion 
transplanted tissues and organs 
needle stick injuries
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18
Q

Risk factors of HIV

A

high sexual behaviour
IV drug use
blood or blood product transfusion
infants born to HIV positive mother

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19
Q

HIV attacks vital immune cells:

A

CD4 cells
helper T cells
macrophages
dendritic cells

20
Q

HIV to AIDs

A

on entry to cell the RNA is converted into double stranded DNA by the viruses reverse transcriptase enzyme
the enzyme integrase incorporates the viral DNA into the permanent makeup of the host cell

21
Q

Signs and symptoms of HIV

A

elevated viral load
acute infection - fever, rash, malaise, oesophageal abrasians and lesions
latency

22
Q

AIDS

A

when CD4 cell numbers reach a critically low level and CMI is completely depleted
opportunistic infections ensue: resp compromise, rashes, ulcerations, tuberculosis, pneumonia

23
Q

Influenza

A

a virus that has a segmented genome

can interact with other influenza viruses when a single person is co-infected with both types of viruses

24
Q

Signs and symptoms of flu

A

fever, cough, congestion, aches, fatigue, headache, nausea and vomiting

25
Q

Transmission of flu

A

person to person occurs prior to onset of symptoms
direct
airborne
hand to mouth, eye, hand

26
Q

Tuberculosis

A

an infection caused by aerobic bacterium myobacterium tubulerulosis

27
Q

Transmission of tuberculosis

A

droplet formation -coughing, sneezing, yawning, talking

intro into the lungs leads to infection of the resp system which spreads to other organ systems

28
Q

Patho of tuberculosis

A

infectious droplets reside in airways
the majority of the bacilli are trapped in the upper airways where the mucous goblet cells exist
mucous produced catches foreign substances, and the cilia on the surface of the cells constantly beat the mucous and its entrapped particles upward for removal
bacteria in droplets that bypass the mucociliary system and reach the alveoli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages
macrophages phagocytise pathogens without requiring previous exposure to the pathogens

29
Q

symptoms of tuberculosis

A 
a cough that lasts for more than 3 weeks
fevers
unexplained weight loss
night sweats
extreme lethargy
loss of appetite
blood stained sputum/cough
30
Q

SARS

A

severe acute resp syndrome

transmitted by dropets from coughing

31
Q

symptoms of SARS

A

2-7 days flu like symptoms
fever often greater than 38, malaise, headache, rigors, body aches, greater than 7 days cough, dyspnoea, diarrhoea
oxygen desaturation

32
Q

Hepatitis B

A

transmitted by mucous membrane or percutaneous exposure to blood/body fluids

33
Q

signs and symptoms of hep b

A 
loss of appetite
nausea and vomiting
pain in the liver due to inflammation
fever
pain in joints
jaundice 
can progress to chronic hep B leading to cirrhosis
34
Q

Management of Hep B

A 
supportive care for acute symtpoms 
antiemetic 
fluid
pain relief 
removal of clothing, placing pt in cooler environment
35
Q

Hep C transmission

A 
hep C blood transfusions, blood products, organ transplants 
drug use
perinatial hep C positive mother
sexual contact 
NO VACCINE
36
Q

Symptoms of Hep c

A 
loss of appetite
fatigue
N+V
pain in the liver due to inflammation
fever
pain in joints
jaundice
37
Q

Hep D

A

co infection of super infection of Hep B

you need to have acute or chronic hep b to have hep D

38
Q

Hep E

A

transmitted by faecal oral route, contaminted food and water
full recovery most often occurs

39
Q

Symptoms of Hep E

A 
loss of appetite
fatigue
N+V
pain in the liver 
fever
jaundice
dark urine
40
Q

Chicken Pox

A

caused by varicella zoster virus

highly contagious

41
Q

Reye Syndrome

A

potentially fatal illness with unknown cause leading to brain and liver damage
may lead to multisystem organ failure

42
Q

Symproms of CHicken pox

A

red vesicular rash followed by low grade fever , lethargy and headache in children
headache, nausea, anorexia and muscle aches in adults before rash and fever
vesicular lesions with erythematous borders

43
Q

Chlamydia

A

caused by bacterium chlammydia trachomatis
often called silent STI
transmitted through unprotected sex

44
Q

Gonorrheoa

A

transmitted orally, vaginal, anal

can lead to PID if untreated

45
Q

Symptoms of gonnhoea

A

dysuria, urethritis, purulent gential discharge

46
Q

genital herpes

A

symptoms vesicles or papules on the vulva or penis that burst resulting in shallow painful ulcerative lesions
can cause headache, malaise, fever, anorexia

47
Q

If possible exposure to communicable disease:

A

complete hazard/injury/illness form (HII) or incident report form
notify DTM
follow up with review with UHG/local GP where required
if extended period of time off required complete workcover documentation

Clinical Science 2016 (9 decks)

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