Common problems in infancy

Question 1

Model of development

Answer 1

1) attachement
2) separation
3) autonomy
4) mastery
5) problems

Question 2

infantile colic

Answer 2

3hrs/day
3 days a week
3 weeks in a row

Question 3

DDx for infantile colic

Answer 3

• cow’s milk intolerance
• otitis media
• GI problem
• other - fracture

Question 4

GER

Answer 4

• regurgitation in otherwise healthy infant!
  50% of infants
  resolves by 12-18 months

Question 5

GER-D - disease

Answer 5

reflux that causes problems

Question 6

complications of GERD

Answer 6

• esophagitis - pain or anemia
• FTT
• resp problems

Question 7

sx of croup

Answer 7

• stridor
• hoarse voice
• VIRAL - Paraflu

Question 8

Does humidity play a role in croup?

Answer 8

NO - efficacy
- steroids Dex
inhalation of Epi! - vasoconstrict
emergency if stridor at rest

Question 9

aetiology of pneumonia in infants

Answer 9

• MOSTLY VIRAL-

20-40% bacterial

Question 10

aetiology of pneumonia birth- 1 month

Answer 10

• Strep B

- Coliforms

Question 11

aetiology of pneumonia 1 month to 1 year

Answer 11

• Pneumococcus
• h flu
• Staph
• chlamydia

Question 12

aetiology of pneumonia 1 - 5 years

Answer 12

• pneumococ

- mycoplasma

Question 13

aetiology of pneumonia 5 - 15 years

Answer 13

• pneumococ
• mycoplasm
• strep

Question 14

Treatment of pneumonia with unknown aetiology

Answer 14

• Amp/gentamicin

Question 15

Treatment of pneumonia with Strep B

Answer 15

• Penicillin

Question 16

Treatment of pneumonia with coliforms

Answer 16

• Amp/gentamicin (for gram negatives)

Question 17

Treatment of pneumonia with pneumococ

Answer 17

• Amox

Question 18

Treatment of pneumonia with mycoplasma

Answer 18

Erythromycin/macrolide

Question 19

Treatment of pneumonia with staph

Answer 19

Cloxacillin/cephalosporin

Question 20

Treatment of pneumonia with chlamydia

Answer 20

erythromycin

Question 21

Fever

Answer 21

rectal - 38
oral 37.5
axillary 37.2

Question 22

Highest temperature

Answer 22

late afternoon/evening

Lowest in the morning 4 am

Question 23

what should you NOT use for the common cold

Answer 23

NO DECONGESTANTS LESS THAN 6 YEARS

Question 24

most common causes of otitis media

Answer 24

• bacterial - 70-80%

Question 25

most common bacteria in OM

Answer 25

• Pneumococ
• H fluu
• Moraxella

Question 26

who does NOT need Abx for OM

Answer 26

• OBSERVE 2-3 days
• Older than 6 months
• No immune deficiency/ resp/cardiac disease/down syndrome anatomic abnormalities
  fever <39
  -

Question 27

Treatment for OM

Answer 27

• HIGH dose Amox - 75-90mg/kg/day

- low resistance - give 45-50

Question 28

if initial therapy fails give

Answer 28

Amox/clav 90mg
if that fails give
Ceftriaxone

Question 29

do tympanostomy tubes improve developmental outcomes

Answer 29

no