Comlex 2 Flashcards
Subclavian steal syndrome
due to retrograde flow of blood in the vertebral artery or the internal thoracic artery, caused by proximal stenosis or occlusion of the subclavian artery
Arm is supplied by blood flowing in a retrograde direction down the vertebral artery at teh expense of hte vertebrobasilar circulation
most common symptoms: presyncope, syncope, neurologic deficits, and BP differential between the arms
dx: doppler U/S, CT angiography, angiogram
Rx: stent/ balloon angioplasty adn endarterectomy
signs of sarcoidosis
restrictive pulmonary functiontests
elevated ACE, hypercalcemia
erythema nodosum, bell palsy, bilateral hilar adenopathy
African american females
drug to slow ALS
Riluzole
increasing prevalence leads to
increased positive predictive value
best treatment for fibromyalgia
counterstrain
brain neurotransmitters during REM sleep
Ach increases, NE decreases
biochemical trigger for REM sleep
vitamin needed for peripheral neuropathy in isoniazid rx
B6- Pyridoxine
bilirubin in the urine–>
dark color and yellow foam (if a lot)
blow to the temple goes with
epidural hematoma
most needlestick injuries happen wheN?
while using the needle on the patient
pyruvate carboxylase deficiency
autosomal recessive
–> elevated levels of alanine, ppyruvate, lactate, ketoacids
catalyzes the formation of oxaloacetate
fasting timeline
16-24 hours- hepatic glycogenolysis
after that: gluconeogenesis
lymphatic fluid on thoracentesis means
probably lymphoma or adjacent tumors
unless trauma
pneumonia and cold agglutinins –>
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
use macrolides (azithromycin, clarithromycin)
cyclosporine
immunosuppression by binding cyclophilin and inhibiting IL-1 and IL-2
–> nephrotoxicity, HTN, gingival hyperplasia, hyperlipidemia, hypergllycemia
hodgkin lymphoma cell marker
reed sternberg owl’s eye cells with CD30 and CD 15
test for bullous impetigo
golden-crusted lesions
usually staph aureus or group A strep
distinguish using catalase test
pudendal nerve block- palpate what?
ischial spine
trigeminal nerve foramen
SRO (standing room only)
V1- Superior orbital fissure
V2- Foramen Rotundum
V3- Foramen ovale
lots of alchohol leads to what change in metabolic stuf??
increased conversion of pyruvate to lactate
highest risk factor for gastric carcinoma?
H. Pylori
what removes immune complexes from serum?
C3b, of the classical complement pathway
primase
complex of proteins that synthesizes a short fragment of RNA. Required before the DNA can be synthesized
patent ductus arteriosus arises from which branchial arch?
sixth branchial
and left sixth aortic
pindolol and angina
Contraindicated
has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity and acts as a partial beta-1 agonist
maintains a high myocardial O2 consumption
infant with gowth failure, cataracts, liver disease, aminoaciduria, and mental retardation
classical galactosemia
deficiency of galactose-1-phosphate
treat with strict dietary lactose restriction
Down syndrome heart problems
endocardial cushian defects caused by failure of neural crest cells to migrate
