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WELL Building Standard Features > Comfort Background & Requirements > Flashcards

Comfort Background & Requirements Flashcards

1
Q

Employee surveys show that ____ are a leading source of dissatisfaction within the environmental conditions of an office.

A

Acoustic problems

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2
Q

As acoustic comfort is determined in part by the physical properties and contents of environments, The WELL Building Standard tends to mitigate ___ in order to enhance ___..

A

Mitigate unwanted indoor noise levels and reduce exterior noise intrusion

Social interaction, learning, satisfaction and productivity

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3
Q

What plays a significant role in mitigating physical and

mental stress in an interior environment?

A

Ergonomics and universal design

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4
Q

Most of the adverse health effects related to ergonomics are seen in the ____ and ___of the human body.

A

Musculoskeletal and Nervous systems

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5
Q

What are some Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs)? How common are they?

A

Low back pain, Neck pain, Osteoarthritis

These are common in nearly all populations

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6
Q

Low back pain affects about ____Americans, and ___of work were missed in 2013 due to Musculoskeletal disorders. This accounts for ___ of all days missed.

A

31M
380,600 days
1/3

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7
Q

What is the percentage of DALYs resulted from Musculoskeletal disorders?

A

7%

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8
Q

What are the 6 primary personal and environmental variables that contribute to an occupant’s thermal comfort:

A 
Air speed
Clothing
Dry bulb temperature (air temperature)
Humidity
Metabolic rate
Radiant temperature
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9
Q

What standards must a building comply with to meet the requirements of Feature 72 Accessible Design?

A

Current ADA Standards for Accessible Design or comparable local code or standards.

ISO 21542 - Building Construction - Accessibility and Usability of the Built Environment.

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10
Q

What causes discomfort and strain in the body, especially in occupational environments that require repetitive tasks over time?

A

Overuse of the same muscles and ligaments while trying to adjust to static furniture or equipment

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11
Q

What are the requirements to comply with Feature 73 Ergonomics: Visual and Physical?

A

Ensure that all computer monitors and laptops have adjustable height and distance to the user.

30% of workstations have sit/stand capability.

Workstation seating height and depth complies with HFES 100 standard or BIFMA G1 guidelines.

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12
Q

Studies show that individuals exposed to traffic noise have a higher risk for ____.

A

Diabetes
Heart attack
Stroke

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13
Q

Studies show that individuals exposed to road traffic

and aircraft noises have a higher risk for ___.

A

Hypertension

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14
Q

Exposure to noise can lead to ___.

A

Reduced reaction time and increased levels of annoyance.

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15
Q

To comply with Feature 74 Outside Noise Intrusion, average sound pressure levels from outside noise intrusion must ____.

A

Must not exceed 50 dBA for each regularly occupied space (as measured when the space and adjacent spaces are unoccupied, but within 1 hour of normal business hours).

Example of noise at 50 dBA: moderate rain, washing machine.
Human reaction: the beginning of disturbance.

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16
Q

Studies show that exposure to noise generated within the building can lead to ___.

A

Reduced concentration
Reduced mental arithmetic performance
Increased distraction due to reduced speech privacy

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17
Q

What must the acoustic plan include to comply with Feature 75: Internally Generated Noise?

A
  • Loud and quiet zones

- Identify noisy equipment in the space

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18
Q

What requirements must the mechanical equipment system meet once interior build-out is complete to comply with Feature 75: Internally Generated Noise?

A
  • Open office spaces and lobbies that are regularly occupied and/or contain workstations: maximum noise criteria (NC) of 40.
  • Enclosed offices: maximum noise criteria (NC) of 35.
  • Conference rooms and breakout rooms: maximum noise criteria (NC) of 30 (25 recommended).
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19
Q

What is the process called of maintaining the core body temperature between 97-100 °F? What is it regulated by?

A

Homeothermy

Hypothalamus

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20
Q

What can thermal comfort affect?

A

Mood
Performance
Productivity

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21
Q

To comply with Feature 76: Thermal Comfort must meet the following for Mechanically-ventilated spaces?

A

ASHRAE Standard 55, Standard Comfort Zone Compliance

22
Q

To comply with Feature 76: Thermal Comfort must meet the following for Naturally-ventilated spaces?

A

ASHRAE Standard 55, Adaptive Comfort Model

23
Q

Excessively strong or distinct odors can ___.

A

Disrupt physical and psychological comfort, and trigger eye, nose and throat irritation, nausea and headaches.

24
Q

To comply with Feature 77: Olfactory Comfort what areas must comply with source separation?

A

All restrooms, janitorial closets, kitchens, cafeterias and pantries.

25
Q

What separation strategies are required to achieve Feature 77: Olfactory Comfort?

A
  • Negative pressurization
  • Self-closing doors
  • Hallways, vestibules or other intermediate areas
  • Interstitial Rooms
26
Q

What is the definition of Reverberation Time? What is the most common RT?

A

Reverberation time (RT60) describes the length of time taken for a sound to decay by 60 dB from its original level.

27
Q

What are the 2 spaces addressed in Feature 78: Reverberation Time? What is the maximum requirement for RT60 in each?

A

Conference rooms: 0.6 seconds.

Open workspaces: 0.5 seconds.

28
Q

What is reported as a specific cause of employee acoustic dissatisfaction in open offices?

A

Overhearing private conversations

29
Q

The requirements of Feature 79: Sound Masking applies to what type of office space?

A

All open workspaces

30
Q

If sound masking is used the sound levels must fall into the following range for what 2 types of spaces?

A

Open workspaces: 45 - 48 dBA

Enclosed offices: 40 - 42 dBA

31
Q

What are some examples of sound absorptive treatments?

A

Wall panels
Ceiling baffles
Surface enhancements

32
Q

Sound reduction treatments that incorporate

absorptive surfaces can help with___?

A

Reverberation management and improve acoustic comfort

33
Q

What is the NRC of a material?

A

Noise reducing coefficient is an average value that determines its absorptive properties. The larger the NRC value, the better the material is at absorbing sound under standardized conditions.

34
Q

What does Feature 80: Sound Reducing Surfaces relate to?

A

Ceilings and Vertical Surfaces

35
Q

The following spaces, if present, have ceilings and vertical surfaces that meet what NRC specifications to achieve Feature 80: Sound Reducing Surfaces?

A

Ceilings:

  • Open workspaces: Minimum NRC of 0.9 for the entire surface area of the ceiling.
  • Conference and teleconference rooms: minimum NRC of 0.8 on at least 50% of the surface area of the ceiling

Walls:

  • Open workspaces: minimum NRC of 0.8 on at least 25% of the surface area of the surrounding walls.
  • Enclosed offices, conference and teleconference rooms: minimum NRC of 0.8 on at least 25% of the surface area of interior surrounding walls.
  • Partitioned office spaces: partitions reach at least 1.2 m [48 inches] and have a minimum NRC of 0.8.
36
Q

What can greatly improve the sound reducing abilities of interior partitions or doors that act as sound barriers and reduce sound transmission between adjacent spaces.

A

Careful detailing and high quality construction materials

37
Q

What is the minimum STC for enclosed offices and conference/teleconference spaces as outlined in Feature 81: Sound Barriers?

A

Wall Construction Specifications
A. Enclosed offices:
-Minimum STC of 40 when a sound masking system is present
-Minimum STC of 45 when no sound masking system is used.

B. Conference rooms/Teleconference rooms:
-Minimum STC of 53 on walls adjoining private
offices, conference rooms or other teleconference rooms.

38
Q

What doorway construction material options are required to be used to achieve Feature 81: Sound Barriers?

A

Doorway Specifications:

  • Gaskets
  • Sweeps
  • Non-hollow core.
39
Q

To meet the requirements of Feature 81: Sound Barriers, all interior walls enclosing regularly occupied spaces are constructed for optimal performance through the following:

A

Wall Construction Methodology:

  • Properly sealing all acoustically rated partitions at the top and bottom tracks
  • Staggering all gypsum board seams.
  • Packing and sealing all penetrations through the wall.
40
Q

How do the wall construction methods help provide a barrier to sounds from adjacent spaces?

A

By reducing air gaps and limiting sound transmission

41
Q

What impacts individual thermal comfort?

A

Body type
Clothing
Metabolism

42
Q

Projects over 200 m² meet the following free address requirements outlined in Feature 82: Individual Thermal Comfort.

A

-The building provides a thermal gradient of at least 5°F across open workspaces and between floors or rooms with more than 10 people.
-All open office spaces with occupants performing tasks that require similar workstations allow for at
least 50% free address to allow occupants to select a work space with a desired temperature.

43
Q

As outlined in Feature 82: Individual Thermal Comfort, in spaces with 10 or more workstations in the same heating or cooling zone what must be provided to occupants?

A

Occupants must have access to personal thermal comfort devices such as fans (excluding space heaters).

44
Q

What are some of the benefits of having a Radiant Thermal Comfort System?

A

-Saved floor space
-Lower dust transportation
-Increased thermal comfort through the separation of temperature controls and outdoor air supply systems
-Mean radiant temperature in a space can be
lower compared providing the benefit of a slightly higher relative humidity in winter time

45
Q

To meet the requirements of feature 83: Radiant Thermal Comfort, all lobbies and other common spaces must use of one of the following systems:

A

Lobbies & Other Common Public Spaces:

  • Hydronic radiant heating and/or cooling systems
  • Electric radiant systems
46
Q

To meet the requirements of feature 83: Radiant Thermal Comfort, at least 50% of the floor area in all offices and other regularly occupied spaces must use of one of the following systems:

A

Offices & Other Regularly Occupied Spaces:

  • Hydronic radiant heating and/or cooling systems
  • Electric radiant systems
47
Q

What is the measurement of sound used in Feature 74: External Noise Intrusions?

A

dBA

48
Q

What is the measurement of sound used in Feature 75: Internally Generated Sound?

A

NC

49
Q

What is the measurement of sound used in Feature 78: Reverberation Time?

A

RT60

50
Q

What is the measurement of sound used in Feature 79: Sound Masking?

A

dBA

51
Q

What is the measurement of sound used in Feature 80: Sound Reducing Materials?

A

NRC

52
Q

What is the measurement of sound used in Feature 81: Sound Barriers?

A

STC

WELL Building Standard Features (41 decks)

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