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Psyc2020 > Colouring Book Definitions > Flashcards

Colouring Book Definitions Flashcards

0
Q

What system is the brain apart of?

A

The Central Nervous System

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1
Q

What is the Autonomic Nervous System and what is it’s function?

A

The Autonomic Nervous System is a large division of the Peripheral Nervous System and contributes to the regulation of the body’s internal environment.

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2
Q

What is the function of the central nervous system and what organs are involved?

A

The central nervous system is the main process centre for all neural signals. It is enclosed in the brain and spinal cord.

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3
Q

What are the first 7 bones in the neck region of the vertebrae called?

A

Cervical bones

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4
Q

Where are dorsal roots located and what type of nerve do they carry?

A

The dorsal roots are located at the back of the spinal cord and contain the sensory nuerons.

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5
Q

What is the lower region of the vertebrae before the sacral region know as?

A

The lumbar region

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6
Q

What do parasympathetic nervous cells do and where are the projected from?

A

The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for returning the bodies response systems back to normal after a period of threat. It projects from the brain and sacral region of the spine

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7
Q

What nervous system relays messages to and from the central nervous system?

A

The peripheral nervous system

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8
Q

Where is the sacral region found on the spinal cord?

A

The sacral region or sacrum are the last 5 bones in the veterbrae

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9
Q

What does the somatic nervous system do?

A

The somatic nervous system is responsible for motor functions and interactions with the external environment.

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10
Q

What is the h-shaped grey area of nervous tissue on the spinal cord?

A

Spinal gray matter

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11
Q

What is the function of the sympathetic nervous system?

A

The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for response after a threatening period by mobilising energy sources

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12
Q

In what order do the spinal cord regions go from top to bottom?

A

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral

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13
Q

Where are the ventral roots located on the spinal cord and what do the carry?

A

The ventral roots are anterior to the spinal cord and carry motor neurons

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14
Q

What anatomical direction is the face in?

A

Anterior

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15
Q

When the brain as lesions to both sides if is said to be a what lesion?

A

Bilateral

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16
Q

A pathway from left to right sides of the brain are said to be a what pathway?

A

Contralateral

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17
Q

What plane separates the face from the back of the head?

A

Coronal

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18
Q

How is the spinal cord studied?

A

With a series of cross sections

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19
Q

The dorsal position is towards the….

A

Back

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20
Q

The top of the head is separated form the bottom of the head by a what section?

A

Horizontal

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21
Q

The bottom of the head is know as what to the top of the head?

A

Inferior

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22
Q

If a neural pathway stays on one side of the brain it is know as?

A

Ipsilateral

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23
Q

What is the lateral direction in relation to the midsagittal plane?

A

Away from it, to the outside of the body

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24
Q

The midsagittal plane is said to be what?

A

Medial

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25
Q

What plane cuts the brain in half? (Vertically)

A

Midsagittal plane

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26
Q

The back of the head in humans is what direction?

A

Posterior

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27
Q

Lengthways or vertical planes that separate ear from ear are called?

A

Sagittal planes

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28
Q

In primates the top of the head is what to the bottom of the head?

A

Superior

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29
Q

If a lesion is unilateral where is it?

A

On one side of the brain only

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30
Q

In which direction is the ventral part of the human body?

A

To the front, chest

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31
Q

What are astrocytes?

A

They are star shaped glial cells that have many projections on blood vessels and neurons.

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32
Q

What is the function of the axon?

A

Axons conduct neural signals to other parts of the nervous system

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33
Q

What occurs adjacently to the axon hillock?

A

Action potentials

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34
Q

What are the terminal endings of axon branches?

A

Axon buttons

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35
Q

What is another name for the cell body and what is it’s primary function?

A

Soma, metabolic centre for neuron

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36
Q

What is the process of neurotransmitter release called?

A

Exocytosis

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37
Q

What are the bushy fibers that branch out from the cell body?

A

Dendrites

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38
Q

What does the receptive area of the cell include?

A

The cell body and dendrites

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39
Q

What protein is activated when a neurotransmitter molecule binds to a receptor on it’s associated signal protein?

A

A g-protein

40
Q

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus and what does it look like?

A

The Golgi apparatus’ primary function is to package proteins into small membrane sacs. It is a system of smooth plates membranous sacs.

41
Q

What are ion channels and what passes through?

A

Specialised pores in the cell membrane where ca2+,na+ and k+ ions can pass through.

42
Q

What receptors are associated with ion channels and when activated they typically induce rapid, brief signals in the neuron by opening or closing the ion channel.

A

Ionotropic receptors

43
Q

Names the 3 macroglia?

A

Oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells and astrocytes

44
Q

What are metabotropic receptors?

A

Receptors that are associated with signal proteins and g- proteins. When they are activated, they produce long, slow changes in the neuron by changing the neural chemistry.

45
Q

What are microglia and what are they responsible for?

A

Microglia are glial cells and are responsible for the cleaning of the cell

46
Q

What’s the function of microtubules?

A

They transport large proteins to the terminal buttons for synapse

47
Q

What structure provides the cell with its respiration and energy source?

A

Mitochondria

48
Q

What gives cells there support and shape?

A

Neuro filaments

49
Q

What are the gaps between adjacent myelinated cells called?

A

Nodes of ranvier

50
Q

What is the function of the the nucleus?

A

The nucleus contains the cells genetic information

51
Q

What glial cells myelinate the central nervous systems axons?

A

Oligodrendrocytes

52
Q

On what membrane do nuerotransmitter molecules bind with there receptors on?

A

Post synaptic membrane

53
Q

What membrane is the site for neurotransmitter release?

A

The presynaptic membrane

54
Q

What happens when nuerotransmitter molecules are binded with there receptors?

A

Signals in the neuron are produced such as EPSP’s and IPSP’s

55
Q

What do ribosomes do?

A

Produce proteins

56
Q

What does the endoplasmic reticulum look like and why?

A

Rough plated membrous sacs because it is covered with ribosomes

57
Q

What glial cells myelinate the PNS axons?

A

Schwann cells

58
Q

What proteins snake back and forth through the membrane and conduct signals into the nueron when their associated receptors are activated?

A

Signal proteins

59
Q

Where are nuerotransmitter molecules stored before a synapse?

A

Synaptic vesicles

60
Q

What is saltatory conduction?

A

Conduction of myelinated axons

61
Q

Which one is unique to humans the allocortex or the neocortex?!

A

The neocortex

62
Q

In what lobe is the angular gyrus in?

A

Parietal lobe

63
Q

The parietal lobe contains what two gyri?

A

The postcentral gyrus and the angular gyrus

64
Q

What two lobes does the central fissure separate?

A

The frontal and parietal lobes

65
Q

Why is the cerebral cortex mainly composed of white matter?

A

Because the axons of the nuerons aren’t myelinated

66
Q

What is the difference between fissures, gyri and sulcus’?

A

Fissure- deep ridges in cerebral cortex
Sulcus- small ridges in cerebral cortex
Gyrus- convolutions between two adjacent fissures

67
Q

Point to your front lobes

A

Front of skull

68
Q

Where is your inferior frontal gyrus?

A

Bottom of frontal lobe

69
Q

Where is your inferior temporal lobe?

A

Bottom of temporal lobe

70
Q

What does the lateral fissure separate?

A

The frontal/ parietal and temporal lobes

71
Q

Where is the middle frontal gyrus?

A

The middle of each frontal lobe

72
Q

Where is the middle temporal gyrus?

A

The middle of the temporal lobe

73
Q

Point to your occipital lobes

A

Posterior/ under section of skull

74
Q

Point to your parietal lobes

A

Superior, posterior section of head

75
Q

In what lobe is the postcentral gyrus and why is it called that?

A

In the parietal lobe and because it is behind (post) the central fissure

76
Q

In what lobe is the precentral gyrus in and why is it called that?

A

It’s in the frontal lobe and it’s called that because it is before (pre) the central fissure

77
Q

What type of cell are stellate cells and what do they look like?

A

Stellate cells are cortical nuerons that look like stars

78
Q

What type of cells are pyramidal cells and what do they look like?

A

Pyramid shaped cortical nuerons

79
Q

Where is the superior temporal gyrus?

A

The top of the temporal lobe

80
Q

Where is the superior frontal gyrus?

A

The top of the frontal lobe

81
Q

Point to your temporal lobes

A

Near temples

82
Q

In what order from thalamus to rest of the body do the sensory and motor areas go in?

A

Thalamus- primary sensory area- secondary sensory area- association areas- secondary motor area - primary motor area - the body

83
Q

Where does information go after the association area?

A

To the secondary motor area

84
Q

where is the primary auditory cortex located?

A

In the the lateral fissure, on the temporal side

85
Q

Where are the primary gustatory cortex located?

A

In the lateral fissure on the parietal side

86
Q

On what side of the central fissure is the motor cortex ?

A

The pre- central side in the frontal lobes

87
Q

Where do the primary motor areas receive their input from?

A

The secondary motor areas

88
Q

Where is the primary olfactory cortex located?

A

Inferior of frontal lobes.

89
Q

Where do primary sensory areas receive their information from?

A

The thalamus

90
Q

In what gryus is the somatosensory cortex located?

A

Post central gyrus

91
Q

What cortex takes up the majority of the occipital lobes?

A

The primary visual cortex

92
Q

What structures make up the limbic system ?

A

Amygalda, septum, hippocampus, cingulate cortex, fornix, mammillary bodies

93
Q

What does the amygalda, putamen, caudate and globus pallidus make up?

A

The basal ganglia

94
Q

Putamen + caudate = ?

A

Striatum

95
Q

What pathway deteriorates in Parkinson’s disease ?

A

The straitum and the substantia nigra pathway

96
Q

Parkinson’s deterioration of movement is due to the failure of what system?

A

The basal ganglia

97
Q

What system is responsible for the control of emotional behaviour?

A

The limbic system

Psyc2020 (11 decks)

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