Attention

Question 0

What are some concepts in attention ? (4)

Answer 0

Selectivity
Expectation
Capacity
Switching

S.E.C.S

Question 1

What is attention?

Answer 1

Attention is the ability to focus on one particular aspect of a whole range of sensory information.

Question 2

What are the 2 components of the working definition of attention?

Answer 2

Recruitment of resources

Focusing resources on particular sensory inputs

Question 3

What are the two main properties of attention? Define them.

Answer 3

Capacity- how much perceptual information you can take in

Selectivity - what sensory information you focus on

Question 4

What is overt selectivity?

Answer 4

When you obviously focus all your attention on something

Question 5

What is covert selectivity?

Answer 5

When you attend to something but don’t look at it, or acknowledge it.

Question 6

Explain the early selection model of attention.

Answer 6

When you choose what sensory information you will focus on early on in the process.

Question 7

Explain the late selection model for attention.

Answer 7

When you take in all sensory information and decipher what you will attend to later on.

Question 8

What’s the cocktail phenomenon and what does it suggest?

Answer 8

When your in a room full of people and you listen to one conversation whilst ignoring the rest but if someone says your name across the room, you will hear it. It suggests that there is some unconscious processing of unattended information.

Question 9

If there is a difficult task presented to you, what type of selection model are you more likely to choose?

Answer 9

The early selection model- you choose to focus directly on the task at hand

Question 10

If there is an easy task presented to you, what type of selection model are you more likely to choose?

Answer 10

The late selection model- you can still pay attention to the task but can do other shit too

Question 11

What are the first visual things according to the inattention paradigm that you find about a scene?

Answer 11

The location and colour of the object

Question 12

What are 3 components of visual attention?

Answer 12

Shifting
Spotlighting
Zoom lens

Question 13

What is endogenous shifting? Give an example.

Answer 13

Attention is voluntary shifted from one object to another. E.g. Searching for Wally in a visual field

Question 14

What’s exogenous shifting? Give an example.

Answer 14

When something captures your attention. E.g. Gunfire

Question 15

According to the posner cuing paradigm, if a person is cued…

Answer 15

Their response time is quicker in finding an object

Question 16

According to the posner cuing paradigm, if a person is wrongly cued…

Answer 16

The persons response in finding an object is slower

Question 17

In order to shift attention you must do three things….

Answer 17

1. Disengage with an object
2. Move attention from one object to another
3. Engage with the new object

Question 18

What part of the brain is responsible for the disengagement of an object?

Answer 18

The posterior parietal lobe

Question 19

What part of the brain is responsible for the movement of attention?

Answer 19

Superior colliculus

Question 20

What part of the brain is responsible for the engagement of an object in attention?

Answer 20

The pulvinar of the thalamus

Question 21

Explain spotlighting in visual attention.

Answer 21

When you focus on a particular object and it’s surrounding area is illuminated. Like a stage spotlight !

Question 22

Explain zoom-lens in visual attention.

Answer 22

Focusing on an area
zooming in- more detail
Zooming out- less detail

Question 23

What’s the difference between local and global stimuli?

Answer 23

Local stimul- focus on finer detail of picture

Global stimuli- focus on bigger picture

Question 24

If a kid has autism what type of stimuli are they more likely to focus on?

Answer 24

Local stimuli

Question 25

What’s the deference between focused and distributed attention? Give an example for each.

Answer 25

Focused attention is when you focus on individual things in a scene e.g. Where’s Wally? whereas distributed attention is when you focus on the scene as a collective e.g. Hand up in class

Question 26

Define a parallel search.

Answer 26

A parallel or pop up search is when you can easily locate an out of place object in a scene.

Question 27

Define a serial search.

Answer 27

A serial search is when it is harder to locate out of place objects because there are more distractors.

Question 28

What are two neurological ways to test attention?!

Answer 28

Contacting an EEG and fMRI.

Question 29

What does an EEG tell us about attention?

Answer 29

Tells us when attention processing occurs by the positive peaks displayed- good temporal resolution.

Question 30

What does an fMRI tell us about attention?

Answer 30

That visual attention processing occurs in the primary visual cortex.

Question 31

What is spatial/hemi neglect? And how do you diagnosis it?

Answer 31

When damage has been done to either the posterior parietal lobe, the superior colliculus or the pulvinar so the patient is unable to attend or unattend to things. Diagnosis is found when patients ignore particular visual scenes

Question 32

What’s it called when you receive damage to the posterior parietal lobe?

Answer 32

Extinction

Question 33

If you sustain injury to the right parietal lobe, what would occur ?

Answer 33

There would be an inability to attend to the left visual scene

Question 34

If you sustain injury to the left parietal lobe, what would occur ?

Answer 34

Nothing- would still be able to attend to both visual fields