Colorectal cancer Flashcards
Type of cancer in colorectal cancer
Adenocarcinoma
Symptoms of LHS cancer
- bleeding PR
- mass PR
- altered bowels
- tenesmus
Symptoms of RHS cancer
- — weight
- — Hb
- abdo pain
- tired
Genes associated with colorectal cancer
- KRAS
- P53
- FAP
- HNPCC (lynch)
- APC
Infection of what bacteria is a RF for colorectal cancer
Strep bovis
Other RFs typical for bowel disease
Criteria for 2-week referral for >40
- abdo pain
- unexplained weight loss
Criteria for 2-week referral for >50
Unexplained rectal bleeding
Criteria for 2-week referral for >60
Change of bowel habits
2-week referral is always recommended in what deficiency
Iron deficiency
genetic patterns of FAP & HNPCC
AD
How does FAP show as
Adenoma along large intestines
Lynch syndrome is a mutation in
MMR
Even though it increases the risk of cancer, does HNPCC form adenoma
No, cancer is independent
Gold standard Ix for colorectal cancer
Colonoscopy + biopsy
What is given to patients before CT colongraphy
Double contrast barium
Antigen found in bloods of colorectal cancer
Carciembryonic Ag (CEA)
Colon mets travel to
Liver
Rectum mets travel to
Lung
How many years is colorectal cancer screened for between 60-75 yo
2
There are several surgical means to remove colorectal cancer. What monoclonal Ab can be used
Becavizumab
When to use Faecal Immunochemical Test (FIT)
If referral criteria isn’t met
When can FIT give false results
Following red meat
Syndrome characterised by difficulty in bowel movement and emptying following resection
Anterior resection syndrome
Tx
Unable to assess size
T1
Submucosa
T2
Mucosa propria (muscle)
T3
Sub serosa/serosa
T4a
Through serosa
T4b
Tissues & organs
Nx
Unable to assess nodes
N0
No nodal spread
N1
1-3 nodes
N2
> 3 nodes
M0
No metastasis
M1
Metastasis
