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LINGUIST 2D03 > Collecting Data / Data Measurements > Flashcards

Collecting Data / Data Measurements Flashcards

1
Q

variability

A
  • confounding variables
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2
Q

moderating variables

A
  • influence IV and DV relationship

- cold meds fatigue and alcohol example

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3
Q

mediating variable

A
  • correlation NOT causation
  • fire rates and ice cream sales (there is a third mediating variable making these appear like they are causing each other but they are not)
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4
Q

rating scales

A 
very poor
poor
okay
good
very good
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5
Q

Likert scale

A 
strongly disagree
disagree
neutral
agree
strongly agree
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6
Q

semantic differentiation

A

ranking easy to hard

1-7 scale

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7
Q

accuracy

A

how accurately a participant performs a task

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8
Q

frequency

A

how often do we observe a behavior

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9
Q

latency

A

how long to develop a behavior

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10
Q

duration

A

how long does a behavior last

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11
Q

amplitude

A

how strongly is behavior exhibited

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12
Q

levels of measurement

A

nominal
ordinal
interval
ratio

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13
Q

nominal

A

name
not quantifiable
(gender, occupation, eye colour)

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14
Q

ordinal

A

order

rankings

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15
Q

interval

A

distance is meaningful

LSAT scores

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16
Q

ratio

A

has to have an absolute zero

income, mac grading scale

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17
Q

is a reliable measure always correct?

A

no

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18
Q

how to establish reliability

A

test re-test
split-half reliability
inter-rater reliability

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19
Q

test re-test

A

collect measures from participants at different times

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20
Q

split-half reliability

A

in a test with n similar questions, take score of a person from the first half and see how it correlates with the scoree of another person from the second half

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21
Q

inter-rater reliability

A

how similar are participants rating from one question to another

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22
Q

validity

A

measure what it says it measures

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23
Q

content validity

A

the degree to which it measures all dimensions of the construct

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24
Q

face validity

A

on the face of it, the measure seems valid

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25
Q

construct validity

A

does our measure tap into theoretical concepts that it is supposed to measure

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26
Q

criterion validity

A

does measure correlate well with other measures of some behavior

27
Q

central tendency

A

mean median and mode

28
Q

mean

A

average

29
Q

median

A

middle

30
Q

mode

A

occurs the most

31
Q

range

A

min-max

32
Q

measures of dispersion

A
  • calculate the distance between each data point and the mean
  • take the square of all of them
  • take the sum of the squares and divide by (n-1)
33
Q

scales

A

measures of the specific psychological characteristic

34
Q

inventories

A

measure things like personality

35
Q

research skills

A
  • use catalog search, not discovery
  • a more generic search for a book
  • the more specific search for the article
  • use filters
  • check credentials of article
36
Q

Linguistics and Language Behaviour Behaviour Abstracts

A
  • primarily abstracts

- has good filters

37
Q

Web of Science

A
  • broader than LLBA

- a lot of citations and abstracts

38
Q

Google Scholar

A
  • broadest
  • natural language search
  • advanced search bar
  • links to mac library
39
Q

Purdue owl

A

APA owl

40
Q

external validity

A

replicating a result in different settings with different populations

41
Q

ecological validity

A

how natural and generalizable is the task, testing enviroment etc.

42
Q

internal validity

A

did the independent variable cause the changes ew observe in the dependent variable

43
Q

controlling the extraneous variables

A
  • elimination
  • constancy
  • secondary variable as IV
  • randomization
  • repeated measure
  • statistical control
44
Q

problems with internal validity (7)

A
  • participant reactivity
  • demand characteristics
  • participant sophistication
  • social desirability
  • experimenter bias
  • range restriction
  • order effects
45
Q

participant reactivity

A

act differently knowing they are being observed
positive results due to “good subject” effect
negative results due to “bad subject” effect
solution: disguise hypothesis

46
Q

demand characteristics

A

when paticipant is told how to behave

solution: hiding true topic

47
Q

participant sophistication

A

because of previous knowledge participant may come to know the hypothesis

48
Q

social desirability

A

act as they feel they should to look good

49
Q

experimenter bias

A

when experimenter influences the results

solution: blind experiment, script interactions

50
Q

range restriction

A

when not all of measurement scale is used

ceiling/floor effect

51
Q

order effects

A

when one part of the study affects a later part of the study
practice and carry-over effects

52
Q

problems with external validity (1)

A

self-selection

53
Q

self-selection

A

when people volunteer themselves for an experiment

54
Q

probability

A

specific probability a participant will end up in your sample

55
Q

non-probability

A

it is impossible to say how likely anyone participant will end up in your sample

56
Q

random sampling

A

every person in the sampling frame has an equal chance of being in the sample

57
Q

systematic sampling

A

pick every nth person on the list

58
Q

stratified sampling

A

say 20% of the population has X and we want 100 participants we would select 20 participants randomly from that 20% that has X

59
Q

cluster sampling

A

randomly selecta small number of clusters and study all of the workers in those clusters

60
Q

multistage sampling

A

i.e. select a school district, a school, a class

61
Q

non-probability sampling

A

convenience, quota, referral

62
Q

convenience sampling

A

test whoever is available

63
Q

quota sampling

A

pick people from subgroups and include them in the order you approach them

64
Q

referral sampling

A

have participant refer you to someone they know who is also part of the population you are studying

LINGUIST 2D03 (12 decks)

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