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History SL > Cold War- Origins > Flashcards

Cold War- Origins Flashcards

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1
Q

Definition of Cold War

A

A period of hostility and tensions between the ussr and USA that stops just short of war, 1945-1989

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2
Q

Effect of Stalinism

A

Competition with the west, his dominance influenced paranoia and violence

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3
Q

Keenan’s long telegram

A

February 1946- calling for containment, from Riga sourced by exiles

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4
Q

Churchill’s iron curtain speech

A

March 1946- Fulton Missouri, communism as a threat

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5
Q

Novikov’s statement about US foreign policy

A

September 1946 ‘the goal of US foreign policy is world supremacy’

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6
Q

Truman doctrine

A

March 1947- ‘contain communist expansion’ (beginning of Cold War?)

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7
Q

Sovietisation of Eastern Europe (salami tactics)

A

1946-7: Elections manipulated, other parties restricted. CIA intervention in Albania, Poland

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8
Q

Comic form

A

September 1947- keep the Sovietised countries under Moscow’s control

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9
Q

Zdhanov’s two camps doctrine

A

1947- ‘Marshall plan was preparation to extend US power in order to launch a new world war’ ‘imp. and anti-democratic vs anti-imp. And democratic camps’

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10
Q

Marshal plan

A

April 1947 approved, $17bil assistance in return for open books and free trade. Humanitarian- witnessed, charitable and generous aid. Selfish- ‘dollar imperialism’, served interests, poverty bred communism

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11
Q

Stalin blocks land routes in protest of the Deutschmark

A

June 1948 in Berlin.

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12
Q

NATO formed

A

April 1949

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13
Q

FDR and GDR formed

A

May and October 1949

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14
Q

NSC 68

A

1950 outlines US’s cornerstone policy of containment

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15
Q

Long term tensions

A

Civil war 1917-22; wilsonian liberalism vs Marxist Leninism (1920s); appeasement of hitler in 1930s due to fear of communism; Arcos raid may 1927; 1930s excluded from League of Nations solved by Litvinov; N-S pact 1939; bad communication

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16
Q

Number of army troops in Eastern Europe after ww2

A

11 million

17
Q

USA’s industrial boom

A

1940-4 industrial output increased 90%

18
Q

Comparative losses from ww2

A

USSR lost 27mill people, USA only 330,000; ussr lost 60% of transport network and 70% of industry

19
Q

Power vacuum after ww2

A

In Japan, Germany and indochina

20
Q

Mistrust and suspicion from ww2

A

A bomb, common enemy gone differences returned, NS pact, late second front

21
Q

New world order of superpowers

A

USSR and USA were head and shoulders above the world, empires were gone, they were fighting for supremacy

22
Q

Tehran

A

November 1943: tensions over stalin’s demands to keep territory in e.europe and Poland, Japan. Agreed UN and the need for a weak post war Germany

23
Q

Yalta

A

February 1945: 4Ds, $20bil reparations 50% to ussr, ussr got Poland and moved Oder-Neisse line east.

24
Q

Between conferences

A

Roosevelt died April 1945; Germany surrendered may 1945; Attlee replaced Churchill; US A-bomb July 1945

25
Q

Potsdam

A

July 1945: ‘thoroughly be tempered conference’. Disagreements of methods for the 4Ds, split into four zones

26
Q

Tensions over Germany

A

Conferences; 1948-9 Berlin airlift; geopolitical and symbolic importance; ACC may 1946 reparations prevented by clay and Byrnes ‘Germantown needs to recover’; July 46 bizonia, June 48 trizonia; ussr feared military threat and resurgence of nazism

27
Q

Individual role

A
  • each other’s regime was totally opposite and undermined the other
  • Stalin’s victories in Europe have him a position of leading power
  • Truman hard-lined, Poland London Lublin, Oder Neisse challenged
  • Roosevelt and Stalin were close, relationship upset
28
Q

Orthodox

A

Stalin’s aggressive expansionism

29
Q

Revisionist

A

Provocative US policy in Europe

30
Q

Post revisionist

A

Complexity of the decisions on both sides

31
Q

Realpolitik

A

Ideology less important than day to day political and diplomatic issues

History SL (9 decks)

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