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History SL > Argentina > Flashcards

Argentina Flashcards

1
Q

Justicialismo

A

1946 Social justice, economic independence, political sovereignty. Third position ideology. State is responsible for mediating social tensions.

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2
Q

Eva Péron

A

Glamorous, popular wife of Juan. Cult-ish worship. Vital to Peronism from marriage to death(July 1952). Eva city, wanted to canonise her at her death

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3
Q

Partido Peronista Feminino

A

September 1947. Womens’ party set up by Eva. Signified female involvement in politics and female suffrage. Populist appeal.

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4
Q

Loyalty Day

A

Celebration of the Chanting of Péron’s name, Descamisados, working class chanting to free him from prison. October 1945

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5
Q

Autarky

A

Self sufficient economic nation

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6
Q

47-51 FYP1 steps to autarky and authority- WINDIR

A

Welfare, IAPI, Nationalisation, Decentralise, Infrastructure, Regulate exports and imports

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7
Q

52-55 FYP2 Prevent further decline- FEPH

A

Foreign investment, export more, print money, heavy industry growth

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8
Q

IAPI

A

May 1946 Argentine Institute from Promotion of Trade. Public Body created to centralise foreign control and control resource transfer.

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9
Q

Infamous Decade

A

1930-43
Political, economic and social scandals, corruption and poor conditions.
Culminating in a coup by the GOU in 1943

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10
Q

GOU

A

United Officer’s Group. A nationalist secret society within the Argentine army. Staged a coup in 1943 to overthrow President Castillo

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11
Q

Cipriano Reyes

A

Revise

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12
Q

La Semana Trágica-

Violence due to immigration, foreign control, tax evasion, US protectionism

A

1919

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13
Q

Great Depression-

Drop in demand for Argentinian produce, exports fell 40%, mounting deficit and inflation

A

1930s

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14
Q

Roca Runciman agreement

A

1933 seen as a weakness by resurgent nationalists as it favoured Britain

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15
Q

Discontentment with the Oligarchy

A

Estancieros wouldn’t help anyone financially. Unemployment, led to migration to the major cities.

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16
Q

Effect of WWII

A
  • General confederation of labour (CGT) became influential in the recovery.
  • deprived of markets ands supplies
  • approaching class conflict
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17
Q

UNITED OFFICES GROUP (GOU) COUP, set up a ruling Junta overthrowing president Castillo

A

June 1943

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18
Q

Perón appointed minister of labour, believed government worker relations were of fundamental importance

A

December 1943

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19
Q

Perón raised to Vice President, combined his role with minister of labour

A

1944

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20
Q

How he created populist appeal- CWC

A

Contact with workers and trade unions
Wage raises and welfare benefits
Charitable efforts eg San Juan 1944

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21
Q

Arrested by jealous and worried opposition, large scale protest by descamisados, released after four days

A

October 1945

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22
Q

Ran for presidency

A

February 1946

23
Q

Defeated presidential opposition- US and Democratic Union by…

A

Played on nationalism with Blue and white book in response to Spruille Baden’s (US) blue book.
Promised Christmas bonus.
Won election 11% ahead of rivals

24
Q

Formally installed as president

25
The 20 truths establishing Peronism
1946- govt represents people, seeks national unity and sovereignty, supports workers. Social justice, autarky, national political sovereignty.
26
Winning over the four key institutions: the Church, army, police, civil service
- patronage - purging - granted the church power over education and moral dictation
27
Perónista party
- Dissolved argentine Labour Party - Right to approve candidates and appoint officials - Power to veto
28
Further establishment and control
- Monopoly over the media (la Prensa) - voting manipulation - right to appoint ministers - state security bureau - replaced unions with syndicates, he had total power over them
29
Examples of repression
1947- arrested and tortured Cipriano Reyes and Luis Gay on false charges after they spoke out about his dictatorial authority
30
FYP1 failures
Created too much demand, inflation, wages fell by 40% 1950-54
31
FYP2 failures
Rapid inflation- 1950 $1=16.5 pesos...1955 $1=36 pesos
32
Reason for increased opposition
Economic failures, death of Eva (July 1952), regime's 'special bond' broken, bloated and costly administration
33
Opposition from workers
CGT was a means of suppressing the workers, big strikes- sugar workers 1949, transport workers 1951
34
Opposition from the upper classes
Resentment among employers as he had appealed to descamisados interests, class divisions were deeply ingrained
35
Opposition from Church
Didn't like the idolisation of leaders, angry he legalised divorce and prostitution, insulted he wanted Eva immediately canonised, pastoral letters denounced him, excommunicated in June 1955, influenced army to undermine him
36
Opposition from army
Patronage would never work for the whole army, general Lonardi September 1955 moved openly to coup
37
Yes totalitarian
Controlled almost all aspects of life with his media control and worker influence.
38
Not totalitarian
Overthrown when opposition grew. More like feudal, he was never absolute. Frequent opposition, he had a fragile hold.
39
Media control
Desacto: law against all criticism of the regime Censorship La Prensa: newspaper mouthpiece
40
Cult of Personality
- his and Eva's name and image everywhere - affinity with ordinary people went beyond politics - mass mourning and love for Eva
41
Court Control
Courts under govt control, Supreme Court tried with treason and corruption, Replaced judges with peronists. Magistrates dismissed if suspected of being anti-govt.
42
Academic suppression
- departments closed, funding slashed - >1500 academics and administrators dismissed - SUs disbanded - publications censored
43
Artistic suppression
- ridicule and humiliation and imprisonment of artists - 1946 Jose Borges, celebrated writer humiliated to work as a poultry inspector and house arrested - Singer Libertad Lamarque, fled along with many others
44
Education control
- justicialsimo in curriculum - Eva and Juan as Argentinian ideals - 45: catholic education compulsory, 54: u turn, no religious teachings in schools and secularism
45
Treatment of Homosexuals
- no direct persecution, still legal | - personally disapproved, encouraged celebration of masculinity and femininity eg tango
46
Treatment of Jews
- sanctuary for Nazi war criminals | - but no restrictions on Jews, Jew appointed ambassador to Israel, lots of influential Jews and they supported peron.
47
Ethnic minorities
- no active help, but equally no attack | - saw all as equal before the law
48
Treatment of women
- 1947 female suffrage - Eva's celebrity status inspirational role model - Peronist female party over 500,000 members within 4 years - progress for women with Eva peron foundation
49
equal pay for female textile workers
1949
50
Number of women at uni had doubled by
1950
51
First female vote
1951
52
Minimum wage for piece work
1944
53
Seven women entered the senate and 24 the congress
1951

History SL (9 decks)

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