COGNITIVE Therapy - CBT Flashcards
What does CBT argue causes mental illness like depression and anxiety?
Maladaptive or negative thoughts and beliefs.
How do negative thought patterns affect perception?
People focus on the negative aspects of situations and ignore the positives.
What is the Negative Cognitive Triad according to Beck?
A pattern of negative thinking: negative views of self, the world, and the future.
How do negative schemas influence thoughts?
They bias interpretation of experiences and make it hard to recall positive memories.
What are automatic negative thoughts?
Thoughts that distort reality and bias our view without conscious awareness.
What are examples of cognitive distortions?
Catastrophising, mind reading, overgeneralising, labelling.
What is a self-schema?
The collection of thoughts, feelings, and information we have about ourselves.
How does a self-schema affect behaviour?
It biases how we interpret events in our lives.
What is the aim of CBT?
To challenge and replace negative thoughts with constructive, positive ones that lead to healthy behaviour.
How does CBT link to cognitive approach assumptions?
It focuses on internal mental processes and aims to change faulty thinking.
What is cognitive restructuring?
A method to change negative thinking patterns by challenging dysfunctional thoughts.
What is an example question used in cognitive restructuring?
“Where is the evidence for X?” or “What’s the worst that can happen if X is true?”
What are the main components of CBT?
Identifying and challenging cognitive errors, socratic questioning, thought diaries, restructuring, and activity scheduling.
What is socratic questioning?
A technique where therapists ask curiosity-driven questions to challenge negative thoughts.
What is a dysfunctional thought diary?
A record where clients write negative thoughts, rate belief in them, challenge them, and re-rate their beliefs.
What is pleasant activity scheduling?
Planning enjoyable or rewarding activities to increase positive emotions and accomplishments.
What did Cahill et al. (2003) find about CBT effectiveness?
71% of patients completing therapy had significant symptom reduction, only 13% of dropouts improved.
What did David & Avellino (2003) find about CBT?
It has the highest overall success rate of all therapies.
What did Kuyken & Tsivrikos (2009) suggest about therapist competence in CBT?
Up to 15% of effectiveness depends on the therapist’s skill.
How did CBT compare to antidepressants in Jarrett et al. (1999)?
CBT was as effective as some antidepressants.
What advantage might CBT have over antidepressants?
It’s self-paced, reversible, empowers patients, and involves free will.
What limitation of CBT was identified by Simons et al. (1995)?
It may be ineffective when negative thinking is caused by real-life stressors.
Why might CBT not be suitable for people with schizophrenia?
They struggle to distinguish between real-life events and their thoughts.
What criticism does Lewinsohn (1981) offer about CBT?
No evidence that negative thoughts predict depression, undermining CBT’s foundation.
