Cognitive Models And Therapy Flashcards
How can assessment be tailored using cognitive models?
PALPA
Based on transcoding model
Provides information about integrity of components and processes:
Identification of processes functioning abnormally
Identification of intact processes
How can cognitive models be used to guide therapy?
Models can assist SLTs in identifying and understanding what components and processes are:
Impaired following brain damage
Spared following brain damage
Allow SLTS to tailor rehabilitation:
Improvement of impaired components
Use of spared components to compensate for impairments
Provide framework for assessment
Allow movement away from syndromes
Provide a framework for understanding the underlying deficits which go beyond surface symptoms
What are the disadvantages of a psycholinguistic approach to assessment?
Assessment is only as good as the model it is based on
Increased length of assessment - but can be selectively used
What are the advantages of a psycholinguistic approach to assessment?
Models have provided a deeper understanding of underlying mechanisms of impairment:
Provide understanding of sometimes mystifying combinations of impairments
Allows therapists to provide clearer explanations to clients
More accurate assessment of impaired and preserved processes may be used to devise tailored rehabilitation programmes
How can we tailor therapy to deficits?
Idea that psycholinguistic models can provide a more precise identification of underlying impairments which can guide more tailored therapy
Provides therapist with a framework to explain why therapy may not be working for one patient but working for another
What is the relationship between underlying impairment and efficacy of specific treatments?
1) one treatment may be useful for multiple levels of deficit: possibly as different components of treatment affect different levels of processing or due to relationships and interactions between levels
2) one level of damage may require different treatment approaches: models may not be sufficiently detailed enough to differentiate types of damage at a given level
What issues are remaining about the recovery of the cognitive system?
How is a damaged system modified by a specific intervention?
Does recovery involve a restitution of normal components and processes?
Does the language system reorganise:
Creation of new processes?
Use of other spared linguistic/cognitive processes not normally involved in task
Use of different brain regions
Remediation of components vs processes: models distinguish between linguistic representations and processes involved in accessing them.
Therefore may be important to say how something is impaired: e.g. semantic impairment: storage vs access
Why must care be taken when using models to guide assessment and treatment?
Models are only theories not truths
No current model can account for everything
Models have been created largely independent of each other and can contradict each other
Some models now include processes considered to be incorrect
