Cognitive⚙️ • Long Term Memory Model Flashcards
Who proposed this memory model and why?
Tulving; he proposed this model as he was one of the first psychologists to realise that the multi-store model’s view on LTM was oversimplified
What was theoretically proposed when creating the model?
That there are at least 2 LTM systems that contain different types of information - contrasting to the single one shown in the MSM
What are the two main types of memory proposed to be within the LTM?
- Delcarative Memory
- Procedural Memory
What are the two subsections of memory within the Declarative Memory called?
- Episodic Memory
- Semantic Memory
What is the Declarative Memory?
The memory of meaningful events/ facts/ data e.g. you might remember being taught to play the guitar, even though you have forgotten how to
To recall on the declarative memory in order to do something e.g. tying a shoelace - is it conscious or unconscious?
Conscious, you have to think to recall
What is the Procedural Memory?
The memory of how to do things. It includes tying shoelaces, writing & using a knife and fork etc… You may retain procedural memory even after forgetting being taught the action/ skill in the first place
To recall on the procedural memory in order to do something e.g. tying a shoelace - is it conscious or unconscious?
Unconsious, you dont have to think about these things to do them
What is the Episodic Memory?
Personal Experiences
A store within declarative memory; this is the memory of particular events and specific information such as events, names or dates
What is the Semantic Memory?
Factual Information
A store within declarative memory; this is the memory of relationships and how things fit together. It includes the memory that you have siblings, where things are located and what they do or mean
How is Episodic Memory Encoded?
Perceptually Encoded
The encoding for this memory store is linked to the 5 senses, hence why memories can be directly triggered from sight/ sound/ smell that would have originally been asociated with a stored memory e.g. hearing a loud snaps sound could trigger a memory of breaking a bone
What everyday process is the Semantic Memory necessary for?
For understanding language and communication; words have meanings asociated to them, once they are learned they go to the semantic memory due to the newly learned meaning or relationships they are involved in e.g. July = month after June, all months are in a set order etc… - FACTUAL INFORMATION
A03
How does the Clive Wearing case study support this model?
- Clive = musician who suffered from brain damage from a viral infection, as a result had almost complete amneisa
- He lost the ability to encode new memories and therefore forgets all new information within 30 seconds - episodic memory
- Always feels like hes coming into consiousness for the first time
- Although, he still has his semantic memory, despite loosing/ damaging episodic; he remembers his love for his wife deborah
- PLUS CAN BE USED FOR EVEIDENCE OF PROCEDURAL: still has procedural memory as he remembers how to play the piano and sing
This supports model as it advocates for the existence of separate memory stores within the LTM
A03
How does the HM case study support this model?
- HM’s episodic memory was severely impared as a result of brain damage from a surgery that was supposed to reduce his epilepsy, but gave him amneisa instead
- Episodic memory damaged as he had difficulty recalling past events
- Although his semantic memory was relatively unaffected, this was shown when he still understood words and their meanings
This supports model as it advocates for the existence of separate memory stores within the LTM
A03
What is a clear strength of the LTMM when comparing it to other models such as the MSM or WMM
That this model remedies the fault in the MSM and WMM that the LTM is only one set store, with no sub categories of memory within. The MSM and WMM oversimplify the human memory by condensing all of LTM’s functions under one label and into one single store. The LTM is a strong model as it is not reductionist and explains LTM to an adequate level
WEAKNESS
