Cognition and perception Flashcards
what is perception
the processing that transforms sensory information into meaningful representations. sensory information- visual, axillary, touch, taste, smell.
types of perception disorders- agnosia
failure of recognition- visual (not recognising objects when looking at them), auditory (not recognising voice), astereognosis (not able to recognise objects without looking at them)
types of perception disorders- neglect
visuospatial neglect (hemi inattention)- failure to report, respond to stimuli in the space contralateral to the side of brain lesion. Often patient is unaware, may be confused with visual field deficit. most common in R parietal lesions
types of perception disorders- apraxia/dyspraxia
disorders of movement not characterised by problems with tone/coordination, but an inability to combine simple movements into a sequence to achieve a goal
types of perception disorders- ideomotor apraxia
disorder in the planning, timing and spatial organisation of purposeful movement. Cannot do movements to command but may be able to do things automatically. can imitate movements. associated with L parietal lesions but bilateral effects
types of perception disorders- ideational apraxia
disorder in the performance of purposeful movement due to loss of the concept of movement. can perfrom isolated movement but will do them out of context, e.g. attempt to write with finger tip rather than pen. may be able to describe what they want to do. unable to copy movement. associated with diffuse damage e.g. anoxia
hemispheres of the brain- left
dominant, processing of focal information- e.g. language/reading/writing and speech. sequencing of actions, literal analysis of emotional input. lesions may result in- problems with language and apraxia
hemispheres of the brain- right hemispheres
non-dominant. processing of global information- visual and spatial info. recognising of objects, body parts. spatial relationship, analysis of emotional tone stimuli. lesions may result in visual perception problems
hemispheres of the brain- posterior portion
receives input from ascending spinal pathways and senses. involved with processing of sensory input. lesions may result in deficits in visuospatial perception.
hemispheres of the brain- anterior portion
receives input from posterior cortex and lower brain centres. involved with output processing for speech, movement, and behaviour. lesions may result in motor, planning or behaviour problems
what is cognition
all the mental processes that allow us to recognise, learn, remember and attend to changing information in the environment. is the act of knowing or thinking, it includes the ability to choose, understand, remember and use info
what does cognition involve (and also problems with cognition)- areas of brain
attention and concentration (and brainstem). processing and understanding information, memory (and cerebellum), communication, planning/ organising/ assembling. reasoning, problem-solving/ decision- making and judgment, controlling impulses and desires and being patient, language and communication (and temporal lobe)
all frontal lobe
problems with attention and concentration
unable to focus, pay attention or attend to more than 1 thing at at time. This may result in- restlessness and being easily distracted, difficulty finishing a project or working on one or more tasks, problems carrying on long conversations or sitting still for long periods of time
problems with attention and concentration- potential strategies
decrease the distractions, focus on one task at a time, begin practicing attention skills simple and then progress, take breaks
problems with planning and organisation
difficulties planning their day and scheduling appointments, they have trouble with tasks that require multiple steps. potential strategies- make a list of things in order, break down activities into small steps
