Coastal Management 46

Question 2

hard engineering examples

Answer 2

sea walls- have a curved surface to reflect waves back into sea
groynes- trap sediment that’s being moved by long shore drift
rock armour- rocks force waves to break and absorb their energy
gabions- placed at the back of sandy beaches

Question 3

soft engineering examples

Answer 3

beach nourishment-
dune regeneration-
beach reprofilling

Question 4

what’s the difference between hard and soft engineering

Answer 4

soft engineering approaches works with natural processes wheres hard involves building structures

Question 5

name 2 examples of coastal defences

Answer 5

hard engineering
soft engineering

Question 6

what is hard engineering

Answer 6

man-made structures built to control the flow of the sea and reduce flooding and erosion

Question 7

what is soft engineering

Answer 7

schemes set up using knowledge of the sea and its processes to reduce the effects of flooding and erosion

Question 8

Name 4 hard engineering defence systems

Answer 8

-sea wall
-gabions
-rock armour
-groynes

Question 9

Name 3 soft engineering defence systems

Answer 9

-beach nourishment
-beach reprofiling
-dune regeneration
-

Question 10

What is a sea wall

Answer 10

a wall made out of a hard material (concrete) that reflects waves back to the sea

Question 11

What is a gabion

Answer 11

a wall made of wire cages filled with rocks
-built on the foot of cliffs

Question 12

What is a rock armour

Answer 12

-boulders that are piled up along the coast
-also called a rip-rap

Question 13

What is a groyne

Answer 13

wooden/stone fences built at right angles to coasts
-trap material transported by longshore drift

Question 14

state the advantages and disadvantages for sea walls

Answer 14

adv
-prevents erosion of the coast
-acts as a barrier to prevent flooding

disadv
-very expensive
-looks unnatural

Question 15

state the advantages and disadvantages for gabions

Answer 15

adv
-absorb wave energy, reducing erosion
-cheap and easy to build

disadv
-ugly
-wire cages corrode overtime

Question 16

state the advantages and disadvantages for rock armour

Answer 16

adv
-absorbs wave energy
-cheap defence

disadv
-need to be replaced often

Question 17

state the advantages and disadvantages for groynes

Answer 17

adv
-create wider beaches which slows waves, protection from flooding
-cheap defence

disadv
-narrow beaches
-greater erosion due to narrow beaches

Question 18

state the advantages and disadvantages for beach nourishment and reprofiling

Answer 18

adv
-creates wider beaches, slowing waves

disadv
-taking material from seabed kills organisms
-very expensive
-has to be repeated

Question 19

state the advantages and disadvantages for dune regeneration

Answer 19

adv
-maintains a natural coastal environment

disadv
-protection is limited
-nourishment is very expensive

Question 20

what is beach nourishment and reprofiling

Answer 20

sand and shingle from elsewhere thats added to the upper part of beaches

Question 21

what is dune regeneration

Answer 21

-creating or restoring sand dunes by nourishment or by planting vegetation to stabilise sand

Question 22

state what managed retreat is

Answer 22

allows the sea to flood or erode an area of relatively low value