3.1 SECTION A Weather hazards Flashcards
what is used to determine patterns of weather and climate
-the general atmospheric circulation model
how is a low pressure belt formed
sun warms the earth at the equator causing air to rise
how is a high pressure belt formed
cool air sinks
what is the coriolis effect
where cool air moves back to the equator or towards the poles
-wind curves due to earths rotation
state why areas by the equator rain a lot
-the earths surface receives a lot of solar radiation and so is hot
-warm, moist air rises and forms clouds
Causes of tropical storms and the sequence of their formation and development.
Coriolis effect: Spinning movement of the Earth causes air to spin upwards around a calm central eye of the storm.
Warm ocean air rises
Condensation and cloud formation:
structures of a tropical storm
-centre is called the eye and is up to 50km across, caused by descending air. in the eye theres low pressure, light winds, no clouds or rain
-eye surrounded by the eyewall where theres spiralling air and very string winds
-towards the edges of the storm, the wind speed falls and clouds become smaller
how does climate change affect the distribution of tropical storms
as ocean temps rises more of them can be above 27degrees
-meaning the tropical storms form in areas that haven’t experienced them before e.g high latitidues
how does climate change affect the frequency of tropical storms
-oceans stay at 27degrees for longer each year
-meaning there is more storms each year
how does climate change affect the intensity of tropical storms
-high sea surface temps are likely to result in more evaporation and increased cloud formation, meaning more energys released so MORE POWERFUL
how does monitoring and prediction reduce the effect of tropical storms
-can be monitored using radar, satellites and aircraft
-computer models are used to calculate a storms predicted path
-predicting when and where, gives people time to evacuate
using a named example of a tropical storm describe its primary effects
TYPHOON HAIYAN
-6300 people killed, with most drowned
-40,000 homes damaged
-taclobean airport terminal damaged
-destroyed 30,000 fishing boats
using a named example of a tropical storm describe its secondary effects
-14million people affected
-flooding caused landslides and blocked roads
-shortages of water, food and shelter
-jobs lost, hospitals damaged and schools and shops
immediate responses to a tropical storm
TYPHOON HAIYAN
-over 1200 education centres set up to help homeless
-international government and aid agencies responded quick with food, water and temporary shelter
long term responses to a tropical storm
-the UN, UK and Australia donated financial aid supplies
-rebuilding of roads and bridges
-homes built away from areas at risk from flooding
-charities built new storm-resistant houses
state 4 weather hazards in the UK
-heat waves
-thunderstorms
-strong winds
-heavy rainfall
state an example of a recent extreme weather event in the UK
the beast from the east storm emma
-march 2018
-involved a huge rise in air temperature and allowed cold air from western russia to flood over europe
social impacts from the extreme weather events in the UK
BEAST FROM EAST STROM EMMA
-10 people killed
-NHS cancelled non urgent surgeries
-schools closed for up to 3 days
-gas supplies low
economic impacts from the extreme weather events in the UK
-shops and businesses forced to close
-scare or running out of gas
-railways frozen
-trains stranded
environmental impacts from the extreme weather events in the UK
-temperatures dropped below -10 degrees
-roads extremely icey
-inches of snow in 3days
immediate responses to the beast from east
-sent out red alert message
- blankets given to stranded drivers
-emergency services worked hard to clear snow
long term responses to beast from the east
-public health urged people to plan ahead to ensure they have enough food and medicine
-government asked businesses to reduce gas usages
-gritters cleared roads
how management strategies can reduce risk.
-early warning systems
-emergency planing
evidence that weather is becoming more extreme in the UK.
-UKs warmest 10 years from 1990-2018
-more rainfall records were broke between 2010-2014
state how climate change is being evidant
from the quaternary period
-global temperatures have shifted from cold glacial periods that last for 100,000 years and warmer interglacial periods
- the last one ended around 15,000 years ago and since then the climates been warming
state the possible causes of climate change
-orbital changes
-volcanic activity
-solar output
state why orbital changes of climate change
state why volcanic acitivity of climate change
-eruptions eject large quanitites of material into the atmosphere
-some particles reflect the sun rays and back out to space so earths surface cools
state why solar output of climate change
-suns energy isnt constant
-reduced means the earths climate becomes cooler
state how human factors are contributing to climate change
-burning fossil fuels
-cement production
-farming livestock
-deforestation
state how climate change effects the environment
-ice sheets melting
-rising sea levels, leading to flooding and erosion
state how climate change effects people
-deaths due to heat increased
-areas struggling to supply enough water for residents
-crops have suffered, not enough food
state ways to reduce causes of climate change
MITIGATION STRATEGIES
-carbon capture, designed to reduce emissions from power stations
-planting trees
-alternative energy production, replacing fossil fuels with nuclear or renewable energy
-international agreements
state ways to respond to effects of climate change
ADAPTATION
-change agricultural systems, e.g plant new crop types,
-manage water supply e.g water metres, rainwater can be recycled
-coping with rising sea levels, better flood warning systems
Which of the following describes a low pressure belt of air?
-rain
-clouds
-rising air
