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Geography gcse > 3.1 SECTION A Weather hazards > Flashcards

3.1 SECTION A Weather hazards Flashcards

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1
Q

what is used to determine patterns of weather and climate

A

-the general atmospheric circulation model

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2
Q

how is a low pressure belt formed

A

sun warms the earth at the equator causing air to rise

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3
Q

how is a high pressure belt formed

A

cool air sinks

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4
Q

what is the coriolis effect

A

where cool air moves back to the equator or towards the poles
-wind curves due to earths rotation

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5
Q

state why areas by the equator rain a lot

A

-the earths surface receives a lot of solar radiation and so is hot
-warm, moist air rises and forms clouds

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6
Q

Causes of tropical storms and the sequence of their formation and development.

A

Coriolis effect: Spinning movement of the Earth causes air to spin upwards around a calm central eye of the storm.

Warm ocean air rises

Condensation and cloud formation:

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7
Q

structures of a tropical storm

A

-centre is called the eye and is up to 50km across, caused by descending air. in the eye theres low pressure, light winds, no clouds or rain

-eye surrounded by the eyewall where theres spiralling air and very string winds

-towards the edges of the storm, the wind speed falls and clouds become smaller

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8
Q

how does climate change affect the distribution of tropical storms

A

as ocean temps rises more of them can be above 27degrees
-meaning the tropical storms form in areas that haven’t experienced them before e.g high latitidues

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9
Q

how does climate change affect the frequency of tropical storms

A

-oceans stay at 27degrees for longer each year
-meaning there is more storms each year

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10
Q

how does climate change affect the intensity of tropical storms

A

-high sea surface temps are likely to result in more evaporation and increased cloud formation, meaning more energys released so MORE POWERFUL

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11
Q

how does monitoring and prediction reduce the effect of tropical storms

A

-can be monitored using radar, satellites and aircraft
-computer models are used to calculate a storms predicted path

-predicting when and where, gives people time to evacuate

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12
Q

using a named example of a tropical storm describe its primary effects

A

TYPHOON HAIYAN
-6300 people killed, with most drowned
-40,000 homes damaged
-taclobean airport terminal damaged
-destroyed 30,000 fishing boats

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13
Q

using a named example of a tropical storm describe its secondary effects

A

-14million people affected
-flooding caused landslides and blocked roads
-shortages of water, food and shelter
-jobs lost, hospitals damaged and schools and shops

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14
Q

immediate responses to a tropical storm

A

TYPHOON HAIYAN
-over 1200 education centres set up to help homeless
-international government and aid agencies responded quick with food, water and temporary shelter

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15
Q

long term responses to a tropical storm

A

-the UN, UK and Australia donated financial aid supplies
-rebuilding of roads and bridges
-homes built away from areas at risk from flooding
-charities built new storm-resistant houses

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16
Q

state 4 weather hazards in the UK

A

-heat waves
-thunderstorms
-strong winds
-heavy rainfall

17
Q

state an example of a recent extreme weather event in the UK

A

the beast from the east storm emma
-march 2018
-involved a huge rise in air temperature and allowed cold air from western russia to flood over europe

18
Q

social impacts from the extreme weather events in the UK

A

BEAST FROM EAST STROM EMMA
-10 people killed
-NHS cancelled non urgent surgeries
-schools closed for up to 3 days
-gas supplies low

19
Q

economic impacts from the extreme weather events in the UK

A

-shops and businesses forced to close
-scare or running out of gas
-railways frozen
-trains stranded

20
Q

environmental impacts from the extreme weather events in the UK

A

-temperatures dropped below -10 degrees
-roads extremely icey
-inches of snow in 3days

21
Q

immediate responses to the beast from east

A

-sent out red alert message
- blankets given to stranded drivers
-emergency services worked hard to clear snow

22
Q

long term responses to beast from the east

A

-public health urged people to plan ahead to ensure they have enough food and medicine
-government asked businesses to reduce gas usages
-gritters cleared roads

23
Q

how management strategies can reduce risk.

A

-early warning systems
-emergency planing

24
Q

evidence that weather is becoming more extreme in the UK.

A

-UKs warmest 10 years from 1990-2018
-more rainfall records were broke between 2010-2014

25
Q

state how climate change is being evidant

A

from the quaternary period
-global temperatures have shifted from cold glacial periods that last for 100,000 years and warmer interglacial periods
- the last one ended around 15,000 years ago and since then the climates been warming

26
Q

state the possible causes of climate change

A

-orbital changes
-volcanic activity
-solar output

27
Q

state why orbital changes of climate change

A
28
Q

state why volcanic acitivity of climate change

A

-eruptions eject large quanitites of material into the atmosphere
-some particles reflect the sun rays and back out to space so earths surface cools

29
Q

state why solar output of climate change

A

-suns energy isnt constant
-reduced means the earths climate becomes cooler

30
Q

state how human factors are contributing to climate change

A

-burning fossil fuels
-cement production
-farming livestock
-deforestation

31
Q

state how climate change effects the environment

A

-ice sheets melting
-rising sea levels, leading to flooding and erosion

32
Q

state how climate change effects people

A

-deaths due to heat increased
-areas struggling to supply enough water for residents
-crops have suffered, not enough food

33
Q

state ways to reduce causes of climate change

A

MITIGATION STRATEGIES
-carbon capture, designed to reduce emissions from power stations

-planting trees

-alternative energy production, replacing fossil fuels with nuclear or renewable energy

-international agreements

34
Q

state ways to respond to effects of climate change

A

ADAPTATION
-change agricultural systems, e.g plant new crop types,
-manage water supply e.g water metres, rainwater can be recycled
-coping with rising sea levels, better flood warning systems

35
Q

Which of the following describes a low pressure belt of air?

A

-rain
-clouds
-rising air

Geography gcse (18 decks)

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