Coastal landscapes glossary 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the types of dune

A

embryo
fore
yellow
grey

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2
Q

whats a yellow dune

A

taller than a fore dune

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3
Q

whats a grey dune

A

the furthest dune from the beach and conditions are less salty so more plants grow

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4
Q

dune slack meaning

A

wind cam form depressions in the sand where ponds may form

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5
Q

whats a headland

A

more resistant (hard) rock which juts (sticks)

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6
Q

bay meaning

A

mainly circular and created out of less resistant rock.
-form between resistant rock and often have beaches

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7
Q

whats a cliff

A

a steep, high rock face formed by weathering and erosion

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8
Q

whats a wave-cut platform

A

wide sloping surface at the base of a cliff

-eroded by hydraulic erosion and abrasion

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9
Q

wave cut notch

A

small notch cut in to the cliff at the level of a high tide
-eroded by hydraulic action and abraison

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10
Q

whats the difference between a wave-cut platform and a wave-cut notch

A

wave-cut platform happens at the base of a cliff
wave-cut notch happens at the level of high tide

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11
Q

how is a cave formed

A

hydraulic action that makes cracks bigger to create a cave

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12
Q

hows an arch formed

A

the cave becomes bigger due to hyrdaulic action and abrasion

-eventually the cave breaks through the headland to create an arch

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13
Q

whats a stack

A

an arch collapses as theres nothing to support it

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14
Q

hows a stump formed

A

stack gets eroded further by erosion and weathering (wind and rain) to form a stump

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15
Q

whats a spit

A

a finger of new land made of sand . and juts out into the sea from the coast

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16
Q

whats a bar

A

a spit which has grown across a bay and forms a bar of sand with freshwater lake trapped behind

17
Q

whats salt marsh

A

low lying (below sea level) coastal wetland

18
Q

whats hard engineering

A

hard structures to protect the coast

e.g sea walls, groynes and rock armour

19
Q

whats a sea wall

A

a concrete wall built to protect the coast by deflecting wave energy

20
Q

groyne meaning

A

a wooden barrier built out into the sea to stop longshore drift or sand and shingle

helping the beach to grow

21
Q

gabion meaning

A

a steel wire mesh filled with boulders

-a hard engineering defence

22
Q

whats rock armour

A

large boulders dumped on the beach as a part of costal defences

23
Q

soft engineering

A

sustainable approach to manage coast

24
Q

beach nourishment

A

adding new material to a beach artifically e.g by dumping sand

25
beach reprofiling
changes the profile or shape of the beach
26
managed retreat
allows controlled flooding of low lying coastal areas or cliff collapsein areas where the land value is low
27
pioneer plant meaning
first plant species to colonise (take over) an area. -well adapted to living in a harsh environment e.g salt water
28
vegetation succession
sequence of vegetation (plants) to colonise an environment -takes place over hundreds of years
29
what are the economic reasons people use the coast
-business owners -fishmen -lifeguards -hotel owners -tourists
30
what are the environmental reasons people use the coast
-geologists -marine biologists -environmentalists
31
what are the social reasons people use the coast
-snorkelling -watersports