Coastal landscapes glossary 2

Question 1

what are the types of dune

Answer 1

embryo
fore
yellow
grey

Question 2

whats a yellow dune

Answer 2

taller than a fore dune

Question 3

whats a grey dune

Answer 3

the furthest dune from the beach and conditions are less salty so more plants grow

Question 4

dune slack meaning

Answer 4

wind cam form depressions in the sand where ponds may form

Question 5

whats a headland

Answer 5

more resistant (hard) rock which juts (sticks)

Question 6

bay meaning

Answer 6

mainly circular and created out of less resistant rock.
-form between resistant rock and often have beaches

Question 7

whats a cliff

Answer 7

a steep, high rock face formed by weathering and erosion

Question 8

whats a wave-cut platform

Answer 8

wide sloping surface at the base of a cliff

-eroded by hydraulic erosion and abrasion

Question 9

wave cut notch

Answer 9

small notch cut in to the cliff at the level of a high tide
-eroded by hydraulic action and abraison

Question 10

whats the difference between a wave-cut platform and a wave-cut notch

Answer 10

wave-cut platform happens at the base of a cliff
wave-cut notch happens at the level of high tide

Question 11

how is a cave formed

Answer 11

hydraulic action that makes cracks bigger to create a cave

Question 12

hows an arch formed

Answer 12

the cave becomes bigger due to hyrdaulic action and abrasion

-eventually the cave breaks through the headland to create an arch

Question 13

whats a stack

Answer 13

an arch collapses as theres nothing to support it

Question 14

hows a stump formed

Answer 14

stack gets eroded further by erosion and weathering (wind and rain) to form a stump

Question 15

whats a spit

Answer 15

a finger of new land made of sand . and juts out into the sea from the coast

Question 16

whats a bar

Answer 16

a spit which has grown across a bay and forms a bar of sand with freshwater lake trapped behind

Question 17

whats salt marsh

Answer 17

low lying (below sea level) coastal wetland

Question 18

whats hard engineering

Answer 18

hard structures to protect the coast

e.g sea walls, groynes and rock armour

Question 19

whats a sea wall

Answer 19

a concrete wall built to protect the coast by deflecting wave energy

Question 20

groyne meaning

Answer 20

a wooden barrier built out into the sea to stop longshore drift or sand and shingle

helping the beach to grow

Question 21

gabion meaning

Answer 21

a steel wire mesh filled with boulders

-a hard engineering defence

Question 22

whats rock armour

Answer 22

large boulders dumped on the beach as a part of costal defences

Question 23

soft engineering

Answer 23

sustainable approach to manage coast

Question 24

beach nourishment

Answer 24

adding new material to a beach artifically e.g by dumping sand

Question 25

beach reprofiling

Answer 25

changes the profile or shape of the beach

Question 26

managed retreat

Answer 26

allows controlled flooding of low lying coastal areas or cliff collapsein areas where the land value is low

Question 27

pioneer plant meaning

Answer 27

first plant species to colonise (take over) an area.

-well adapted to living in a harsh environment e.g salt water

Question 28

vegetation succession

Answer 28

sequence of vegetation (plants) to colonise an environment

-takes place over hundreds of years

Question 29

what are the economic reasons people use the coast

Answer 29

-business owners
-fishmen
-lifeguards
-hotel owners
-tourists

Question 30

what are the environmental reasons people use the coast

Answer 30

-geologists
-marine biologists
-environmentalists

Question 31

what are the social reasons people use the coast

Answer 31

-snorkelling
-watersports