Coastal Landforms 42/43

Question 1

what is a discordant coastline

Answer 1

a coastline made up of alternating bands of hard and soft rock at right angles to the coast

Question 2

what is a concordant coastline

Answer 2

alternating bands of hard and soft rock which are parallel to the coast

Question 3

name 3 rocks and there erosion

Answer 3

sedimentary- easy to erode
metamorphic- difficult to erode
igneous- difficult to erode

Question 4

how’s a spit formed

Answer 4

by longshore movement of sediment
-form at a sharp bend in the coastline (e.g river mouth)

Question 5

whats differential erosion

Answer 5

erosion at different speeds

Question 6

how’s a bar formed

Answer 6

when there is a gap in the coastland with water in it
-forms when a spit joins 2headlands together

Question 7

what’s the formation of sand dunes

Answer 7

when wind deposits sand on top of each other until a small mound starts to form

Question 8

use an example of a UK coastline to identify major landforms of erosion and deposition.

Answer 8

Lyme regis
-built a new sea wall with rock armour

Question 9

factors which influence the speed of erosion

Answer 9

-rock type
-fetch of wave
-weather
-human effects
-defence systems; sea walls to slow down erosion

Question 10

What forms alongside a discordant coastline

Answer 10

-headlands and bays
where there are alternating bands of resistant and less resistant rock along a coast
-less resistant rock is eroded quicker forming a bay
-bc resistant rock erodes more slowly, it juts out forming a headland with steep sides

Question 11

what is formed when a headland is eroded

Answer 11

-caves
-arches
-stacks

Question 12

explain the process of headlands and bays

Answer 12

• form when alternating bands of resistant and less resistant rock are along the coast
• less resistant rock (clay) is eroded quickly by water, forming a bay (gentle slope)
• hard resistant rock is eroded more slowly and is left jutting out, forming a headlands (steep side)- headlands have steep sides

Question 13

which type of rock has a low resistance to erosion

Answer 13

-soft rock/rocks with lots of joints

Question 14

which type of rock has a high resistance to erosion

Answer 14

hard rocks with solid structure

Question 15

what is headlands weeknesses that mean they can form caves arches and stackes

Answer 15

theyre made from resistant rock and have weaknesses like cracks

Question 16

How do

-caves form
-arches form
-stacks form

Answer 16

-waves crash into headlands and enlarge the cracks by hydraulic power and abrasion
-REPEATED erosion and enlargement of the cracks causes a cave to form.

-continued erosion deepens the cave until it breaks through the headland forming an arch

-erosion continues to wear away the rock supporting the arch, until it collapses forming a stack, an isolated rock separate from the headland

Question 17

waves erode cliffs to form….

Answer 17

wave-cut platforms

Question 18

what is a wave cut platform

Answer 18

a wide, gently sloping surface found at a cliff base and extends into the sea

Question 19

where do waves cause the most erosion

Answer 19

at the foot of a cliff

Question 20

explain the process of a wave cut platform

Answer 20

• erosion occurs at foot of cliff
• wave cut notch formed and erosion continues
• rocks above notch become unstable and collapse
• collapsed material is washed away and new notch forms
• as the process repeats, cliff retreats

Question 21

how are beaches formed

Answer 21

by deposition

Question 22

explain how a sand beach is created

Answer 22

-by low energy waves
-they’re flat and wide
-sand particles are small so the weak backwash can move them back down the beach

Question 23

explain how a shingle beach is created

Answer 23

-by high energy waves
-they’re steep and narrow
-sand particles are washed away but larger shingles left behind

Question 24

state what deposited sediment forms

Answer 24

-spits
-bars
-sand dunes