Coastal Erosion, depositional landforms and storm surges

Question 1

What are the four types of coastal erosion?

Answer 1

Corrasion, attrition, solution and hydraulic action

Question 2

What is corrasion?

Answer 2

Where sediment moved by waves grinds down the side of the cliff

Question 3

What is attrition?

Answer 3

Where waves move the rocks and pebbles causing them to hit each other and smoothening their surfaces when they break.

Question 4

What is solution?

Answer 4

When acids in sea water dissolve rocks

Question 5

What is hydraulic action?

Answer 5

Where air gets trapped in the side of a cliff face and gets compressed by waves breaking forcing the rock apart.

Question 6

What does concordent mean?

Answer 6

When layers of rock are parallel to the sea

Question 7

What does discordant mean?

Answer 7

When alternating bands of rock are at right angles to the coast

Question 8

What is a headland?

Answer 8

A piece of land jutting out to sea

Question 9

What is a bay?

Answer 9

A broad coastline often with a beach

Question 10

Where do headland and bays happen?

Answer 10

At discordant a coastline

Question 11

Why is water in bays shallow?

Answer 11

As the eroded rock is deposited in the bay

Question 12

What type of erosion takes place at the soft rock in a bay?

Answer 12

Hydraulic action

Question 13

What’s unique about the geology of Lulworth cove?

Answer 13

It is a concordent coastline and there are alternating bands of hard and soft rock

Question 14

What is Old Harry?

Answer 14

A stack formed by the erosion of a cliff

Question 15

Where is Old Harry

Answer 15

South of England along the Dorset coastal town of Swanage.

Question 16

What kind of erosion was the main reason the formation of Old Harry?

Answer 16

Hydraulic action

Question 17

What are the steps that lead up to the formation of Old Harry in order?

Answer 17

Headland, crack, cave, arch, stack (Old Harry) and stump (his wife).

Question 18

What is wave pounding?

Answer 18

The force of waves crashing against cliffs

Question 19

What is a wave cut platform?

Answer 19

A wide, gentle sloping rocky surface at the foot of a cliff

Question 20

What is a wave cut notch?

Answer 20

A small indentation (notch) cut into a cliff roughly at the level of high tide caused by erosion

Question 21

What is fetch?

Answer 21

The distance the wind has blown

Question 22

What causes waves?

Answer 22

Wind blowing over the sea.

Question 23

Give features of a constructive wave

Answer 23

Created in calm conditions (summer), builds up beach material, low frequency of 6-8 waves per minute and has a strong swash but weak backwash

Question 24

Give some features of a destructive wave

Answer 24

Created in stormy conditions (winter), removes material from coast, has a high frequency of 10-15 waves per minute and has a weak swash and strong backwash

Question 25

What is a spit?

Answer 25

A finger of new land made of sand and shingle jutting out to sea from the coast

Question 26

What builds behind a spit if at a river estuary?

Answer 26

A salt marsh

Question 27

What is a salt marsh?

Answer 27

Low lying coastal wetland extending between high and low tide

Question 28

What is a bar?

Answer 28

A spit that has grown across a bay

Question 29

What are coastal spits formed through?

Answer 29

Longshore drift

Question 30

When does a hook form at the end of a spit?

Answer 30

If the wind changes

Question 31

How long is Hurst Castle spit?

Answer 31

One mile long

Question 32

What village is Hurst Castle spit near?

Answer 32

Keyhaven, South coast of England

Question 33

How far from the Isle of Wight is the Hurst Castle spit?

Answer 33

3/4s of a mile away

Question 34

What is a tombolo?

Answer 34

Similar to a spit but connects to an island

Question 35

What do you get behind a bar?

Answer 35

A lagoon

Question 36

What landforms does deposition form?

Answer 36

Spits, bars, beaches, tombolos and sand dunes

Question 37

Name a tombolo in the UK

Answer 37

St Michael’s Mount in Cornwall

Question 38

Why is a sand dune formed?

Answer 38

From onshore winds blowing inland

Question 39

What does a tombolo connect to?

Answer 39

An island

Question 40

What does longshore drift form?

Answer 40

Tombolos, spits and bars

Question 41

What is thermal expansion?

Answer 41

Where oceans get warmer and expand

Question 42

What is a storm surge?

Answer 42

A rise of sea level beneath a severe storm

Question 43

Give the date of two storm surges from the last 60 years in eastern Uk

Answer 43

31st January 1953 floods and 6th December 2013 floods

Question 44

How many died in the 2013 storm surge?

Answer 44

2 people

Question 45

How many homes in Lincolnshire were flooded during the 2013 storm surge?

Answer 45

300

Question 46

How many homes where advised to evacuate in Norfolk during the 2013 storm surge?

Answer 46

9000

Question 47

How many homes in Kent were flooded during the 2013 storm surge?

Answer 47

500

Question 48

Give an economic impact of the 2013 storm surge in Norfolk

Answer 48

Businesses were flooded

Question 49

What counties were effected in the 1953 storm surge?

Answer 49

Lincolnshire, Norfolk, Suffolk and Essex

Question 50

How many died in England in the 1953 storm surge?

Answer 50

307

Question 51

How many had to be evacuated from their homes in the 1953 storm surge?

Answer 51

30,000

Question 52

How many were made homeless by the 1953 storm surge?

Answer 52

40,000

Question 53

Give 2 environmental impacts of the 1953 storm surge

Answer 53

Over 1600km of coastline was damaged and in Lincolnshire, flooding reached as far as 2 miles inland

Question 54

Give to economic impacts of the 1953 storm surge

Answer 54

24,000 properties were seriously damaged and in 1958, damages cost £50 million