Coakley Chapter 8 Flashcards
What is race?
A population of people who are believed to be naturally or biologically distinct from other populations.
What is ethnicity?
Cultural heritage that people use to identify a particular population
What is an ethnic population?
A category of people regarded as socially distinct because they share a way of life, a collective history, and a sense of themselves as a unique population.
What is a minority?
A socially identified population that suffers disadvantages due to systematic discrimination and has a strong sense of social togetherness based on shared experiences of past and current discrimination.
How did the idea of distinct categories of race come about?
When Europeans in the seventeeth century explored the world and encountered people who looked like nobody they’ve ever known.
What was race classified as in the seventeenth century?
loose term to define religious beliefs, language or ethnic traditions, histories, national origins, and social status.
What were the racial classification models in Europe based on?
The assumption that the appearance and action of white Europeans were normal, and that all deviations from European standards were strange, exotic, primitive, or immoral.
How did racial ideology in the United States come about?
Emerged during 17th and 18th centuries as proslavery colonists developed moral justifications for slavery. Africans and Indians as subhuman and incapable of being civilized.
Why did the ideology that coloured peoples were socially, intellectually, and morally inferior to white skinned people become accepted (three reasons)
1) Political expansion: racial ideology was used to justify killing and capturing Indians to reservations
2) After abolition of slavery, white southerners used this notion to justify hundreds of new laws to restrict the lives of black people (Jim Crow Laws)
3) Scientists at universities did research to prove the existence of race and the natural superiority of white people/natural inferiority of people of colour.
What was racial classification in the United States typically based on?
The one drop rule: any person with a black ancestor was classified as black- could not be considered white in legal terms even if they appeared white.
What is racism?
Attitudes, actions, and policies based on the belief that people in one racial category are inherently superior to people in one or more other categories.
What justifications did white people have for the success of black athletes?
Black athletes are driven by simple animal instincts instead of heroic and moral characters.
How is playing a sport considered an ethnic performance?
Because the relevance and meaning of bodily movements vary from one culture to another.
What are the 3 categories of LatinX people in America?
1) US born and naturalized citizens
2) Latin American’s working as athletes in the United states
3) Workers or their family in the United states without legal approval.
How was breaking the color line in baseball a multi-ethnic job?
Many Mexicans, especially dark skinned Mexican’s, used their ethnicity as a way to play baseball despite being dark skinned by using Mexican names(avoiding the one drop rule). This paved the way for other black athletes to be able to play baseball
