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CNS Tumors Flashcards

1
Q

How do metastatic tumors of the brain present?

A

Multiple, well circumscribed lesions at the gray-white junction

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2
Q

What are the three most common sources of mets to the brain?

A

Lung
Breast
Kidney

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3
Q

True or false: malignant tumors of the CNS rarely metastasize

A

True

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4
Q

What are the three major glial cell types in the CNS?

A
  • Astrocytes
  • Oligodendrocytes
  • Ependymal cells
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5
Q

What cells form the BBB?

A

Astrocytes

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6
Q

What are the five key cells in the brain?

A
  • Astrocytes
  • Oligodendrocytes
  • Ependymal cells
  • Neurons
  • Meningothelial cells
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7
Q

What is the most common tumor of astrocytes in children? Adults?

A 
Children = Pilocytic astrocytoma 
Adults = Glioblastoma multiforme
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8
Q

Are oligodendrocytes found in adults or children?

A

Adults

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9
Q

Are ependymomas found in adults or children?

A

Children

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10
Q

Are medulloblastomas found in children or adults? Why?

A

Children–formed from neuroectodermal cells

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11
Q

Meningiomas are classically found in adults or children?

A

Adults

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12
Q

Do CNS tumors in adults usually occur above or below the tentorium cerebelli? Kids?

A 
Adults = above
Children = below
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13
Q

What are the classical gross characteristics of glioblastoma multiforme?

A

Large mass with a central area of necrosis

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14
Q

Butterfly glioma = ?

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

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15
Q

What is the most common malignant CNS tumor in adults?

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

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16
Q

What is the classic histological finding of Glioblastoma multiforme?

A

Area of necrosis surrounded by pseudopalisading cells

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17
Q

Area of necrosis surrounded by pseudopalisading cells = ?

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

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18
Q

What is the intermediate filament that is present within glial cells?

A

GFAP

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19
Q

What is the most common benign tumor in adults? Which gender does this have a preference for?

A

Meningioma

Females

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20
Q

What is the usual presentation of a meningioma?

A

Seizures

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21
Q

What is the imaging finding of a meningioma?

A

Round mass attached to the dura

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22
Q

What is the hormone receptor found on meningiomas?

A

Estrogen receptors

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23
Q

True or false: meningiomas invade the cortex

A

False–only compress it

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24
Q

What are the four tumors that that have psammoma bodies?

A
  1. Papillary thyroid CA
  2. Meningiomas
  3. Papillary serous cystadenoma
  4. Mesothelioma
25
What are the classic histological characteristics of meningiaomas?
Whorled cells
26
Whorled pattern of cells with psammoma bodies = ?
Meningiomas
27
What are schwannomas?
Benign tumors of schwann cells
28
What CN is usually involved with schwannomas?
CN VIII
29
What is the stain that is used to highlight schwannomas?
S100
30
Bilateral acoustic schwannomas = what disease?
NF2
31
What are oligodendrogliomas?
Malignant tumors of oligodendrocytes
32
Where in the brain are oligodendrogliomas usually found? What are the s/sx that are produced here?
- White matter of the frontal lobe | - Seizures
33
Why can oligodendrogliomas be seen well with CT scans?
Calcification
34
What are the classic histological findings of oligodendrogliomas?
Fried-egg appearance
35
What are pilocytic astrocytomas?
Benign tumors of astrocytes
36
What is the most common CNS tumor in children?
Pilocytic astrocytomas
37
Where in the brain do pilocytic astrocytomas usually arise?
Cerebellum
38
What is the classic imaging finding of pilocytic astrocytoma?
Cystic nodule with a neural nodule
39
What are the classical histological characteristics of pilocytic astrocytomas?
Astrocytes with rosenthal fibers
40
Rosenthal fibers are found in what CNS tumor?
Pilocytic astrocytomas
41
What are medulloblastomas?
Malignant tumor derived from the granular cells of the cerebellum
42
What are the histological characteristics of medulloblastomas?
Small, round, blue cells in Homer-Wright rosettes
43
Homer wright rosettes = ?
Medulloblastoma
44
What is the prognosis for medulloblastomas?
Poor--grows rapidly and spreads via CSF
45
What is the tissue that medulloblastomas arise from?
Neuroectodermal tissue
46
What tumor can form drop metastases in the spinal cord?
Medulloblastomas
47
What are ependymomas?
Malignant tumors of ependymal cells; usually seen in children
48
Where in the brain do ependymomas usually arise?
4th ventricle
49
What is the classic presentation of an ependymoma?
Hydrocephalus from obstruction of the 4th ventricle
50
What are the histological characteristics of ependymomas?
Perivascular pseudorosettes
51
Perivascular pseudorosettes = ?
Ependymomas
52
What are craniopharyngiomas?
Tumor that arises from epithelial remnants of Rathke's pouch
53
Who usually gets craniopharyngiomas?
Children or young adults
54
What is the usual presentation of craniopharyngiomas?
Bitemporal hemianopsia
55
What is Rathke's pouch?
Upward protrusion of the oral ectoderm into the sella turcica, eventually forming the anterior pituitary
56
Are craniopharyngiomas supratentorial or infratentorial?
Supratentorial
57
Why can craniopharyngiomas visible on CT scans?
Calcified
58
What is the prognosis for craniopharyngiomas?
Benign, but tends to regrow after resection

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