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All the things > CNS Tumors > Flashcards

CNS Tumors Flashcards

1
Q

How do metastatic tumors of the brain present?

A

Multiple, well circumscribed lesions at the gray-white junction

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2
Q

What are the three most common sources of mets to the brain?

A

Lung
Breast
Kidney

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3
Q

True or false: malignant tumors of the CNS rarely metastasize

A

True

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4
Q

What are the three major glial cell types in the CNS?

A
  • Astrocytes
  • Oligodendrocytes
  • Ependymal cells
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5
Q

What cells form the BBB?

A

Astrocytes

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6
Q

What are the five key cells in the brain?

A
  • Astrocytes
  • Oligodendrocytes
  • Ependymal cells
  • Neurons
  • Meningothelial cells
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7
Q

What is the most common tumor of astrocytes in children? Adults?

A 
Children = Pilocytic astrocytoma 
Adults = Glioblastoma multiforme
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8
Q

Are oligodendrocytes found in adults or children?

A

Adults

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9
Q

Are ependymomas found in adults or children?

A

Children

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10
Q

Are medulloblastomas found in children or adults? Why?

A

Children–formed from neuroectodermal cells

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11
Q

Meningiomas are classically found in adults or children?

A

Adults

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12
Q

Do CNS tumors in adults usually occur above or below the tentorium cerebelli? Kids?

A 
Adults = above
Children = below
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13
Q

What are the classical gross characteristics of glioblastoma multiforme?

A

Large mass with a central area of necrosis

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14
Q

Butterfly glioma = ?

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

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15
Q

What is the most common malignant CNS tumor in adults?

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

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16
Q

What is the classic histological finding of Glioblastoma multiforme?

A

Area of necrosis surrounded by pseudopalisading cells

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17
Q

Area of necrosis surrounded by pseudopalisading cells = ?

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

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18
Q

What is the intermediate filament that is present within glial cells?

A

GFAP

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19
Q

What is the most common benign tumor in adults? Which gender does this have a preference for?

A

Meningioma

Females

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20
Q

What is the usual presentation of a meningioma?

A

Seizures

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21
Q

What is the imaging finding of a meningioma?

A

Round mass attached to the dura

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22
Q

What is the hormone receptor found on meningiomas?

A

Estrogen receptors

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23
Q

True or false: meningiomas invade the cortex

A

False–only compress it

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24
Q

What are the four tumors that that have psammoma bodies?

A
  1. Papillary thyroid CA
  2. Meningiomas
  3. Papillary serous cystadenoma
  4. Mesothelioma
25
Q

What are the classic histological characteristics of meningiaomas?

A

Whorled cells

26
Q

Whorled pattern of cells with psammoma bodies = ?

A

Meningiomas

27
Q

What are schwannomas?

A

Benign tumors of schwann cells

28
Q

What CN is usually involved with schwannomas?

29
Q

What is the stain that is used to highlight schwannomas?

30
Q

Bilateral acoustic schwannomas = what disease?

31
Q

What are oligodendrogliomas?

A

Malignant tumors of oligodendrocytes

32
Q

Where in the brain are oligodendrogliomas usually found? What are the s/sx that are produced here?

A
  • White matter of the frontal lobe

- Seizures

33
Q

Why can oligodendrogliomas be seen well with CT scans?

A

Calcification

34
Q

What are the classic histological findings of oligodendrogliomas?

A

Fried-egg appearance

35
Q

What are pilocytic astrocytomas?

A

Benign tumors of astrocytes

36
Q

What is the most common CNS tumor in children?

A

Pilocytic astrocytomas

37
Q

Where in the brain do pilocytic astrocytomas usually arise?

A

Cerebellum

38
Q

What is the classic imaging finding of pilocytic astrocytoma?

A

Cystic nodule with a neural nodule

39
Q

What are the classical histological characteristics of pilocytic astrocytomas?

A

Astrocytes with rosenthal fibers

40
Q

Rosenthal fibers are found in what CNS tumor?

A

Pilocytic astrocytomas

41
Q

What are medulloblastomas?

A

Malignant tumor derived from the granular cells of the cerebellum

42
Q

What are the histological characteristics of medulloblastomas?

A

Small, round, blue cells in Homer-Wright rosettes

43
Q

Homer wright rosettes = ?

A

Medulloblastoma

44
Q

What is the prognosis for medulloblastomas?

A

Poor–grows rapidly and spreads via CSF

45
Q

What is the tissue that medulloblastomas arise from?

A

Neuroectodermal tissue

46
Q

What tumor can form drop metastases in the spinal cord?

A

Medulloblastomas

47
Q

What are ependymomas?

A

Malignant tumors of ependymal cells; usually seen in children

48
Q

Where in the brain do ependymomas usually arise?

A

4th ventricle

49
Q

What is the classic presentation of an ependymoma?

A

Hydrocephalus from obstruction of the 4th ventricle

50
Q

What are the histological characteristics of ependymomas?

A

Perivascular pseudorosettes

51
Q

Perivascular pseudorosettes = ?

A

Ependymomas

52
Q

What are craniopharyngiomas?

A

Tumor that arises from epithelial remnants of Rathke’s pouch

53
Q

Who usually gets craniopharyngiomas?

A

Children or young adults

54
Q

What is the usual presentation of craniopharyngiomas?

A

Bitemporal hemianopsia

55
Q

What is Rathke’s pouch?

A

Upward protrusion of the oral ectoderm into the sella turcica, eventually forming the anterior pituitary

56
Q

Are craniopharyngiomas supratentorial or infratentorial?

A

Supratentorial

57
Q

Why can craniopharyngiomas visible on CT scans?

58
Q

What is the prognosis for craniopharyngiomas?

A

Benign, but tends to regrow after resection

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