Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro Exam 2 > CNS Histology > Flashcards

CNS Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Dense network of interwoven nerve fibers and their branches+synapses, together with glial filaments

A

Neuropil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe cell body of large typical neuron

A

Large cell body with large, euchromatic nucleus with well-developed nucleolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What part of dendrites are considered “plastic”?

A

Spines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Large, basophilic masses of free polysomes and RER

A

Nissl substance/bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Initial segment where excitatory or inhibitory stimuli are initiated on a neuron

A

Axon hillock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Distal end of axon, some of which have branching called collateral branches

A

Terminal arborization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ends of axons usually have small _____ which are dilaterions of branch ends and contact the postsynaptic cell

A

Telodendria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Anatomy of chemical synapse

A

Presynaptic terminal bouton = contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles which release NT via exocytosis

Synaptic cleft

Postsynaptic cell membrane = contains receptors for NT and ion channels to initiate new impulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is an electrical synapse different from a chemical synapse?

A

Electrical synapses permit direct, passive flow of electrical current from one neuron to another; current flows via gap junctions that link the pre and post synaptic membranes

Contain connexon proteins which permit diffusioin of small molecules and electric current flow

[whereas chemical synapses require NTs to diffuse across synaptic cleft]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

3 primary types of glial cell

A

Astrocyte
Ependymal cell
Microglial cell
Oligodendrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Functions of astrocytes

A 
Helps form BBB
Regulates ISF composition
Structural support to CNS
Helps neuronal dev’t
Replicates to occupy space of dying neurons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Functions of ependymal cells

A

Lines ventricles of brain and central canal of SC

Assists in production and circulation of CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Functions of microglial cells

A

Phagocytic cells that move through CNS

Protects CNS by engulfing infectious agents and other potential harmful substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Astrocytes have a large number of long, branching processes. Their proximal regions are reinforced with intermediate filaments made of ________

They form a vast network of delicate terminals contacting synapses+other structures.

A

GFAP (glial fibrillary acid protein)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Function of oligodendrocytes

A

Myelinates and insulates CNS axons

Allows faster AP propagation along axons in CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What glial cell type histologically appears as small cells with rounded, condensed nuclei and unstained cytoplasm/

A

Oligodendrocytes

17
Q

Ependymal cell type

A

Columnar or cuboidal

Apical end may have cilia and long microvilli to facilitate movement or absorption of CSF

[joined apically by apical junctional complexes, there is no basal lamina]

18
Q

Cell precursor to microglia

A

Monocytes

19
Q

Histological distinctions of cell layers of cerebellar cortex

A

Molecular layer = much neuropil and scattered neuronal cell bodies

Purkinje cells = extend dendrites throughout molecular layer as branching basket of nerve fibers (conspicuous in H+E stained sections)

Granular layer = contains verious small densely packed neurons and little neuropil

20
Q

Biologically older parts of the cerebral cortex, arranged into 3 layers

A

Archicortex

21
Q

Most of the cerebral cortex consists of 6 layers and is caled the ____

A

Neocortex

22
Q

The neocortex has a variety of cells, divided into what 5 morphological layers?

A 
Pyramidal cells
Stellate (granule) cells
Cells of Martinotti
Fusiform cells
Horizontal cells of Cajal
23
Q

Which morphological cell type of the neocortex is characterized by small neurons with a cell body in the shape of a star?

A

Stellate (granule) cells

24
Q

Which morphological cell type of the neocortex is characterized by pyramid-shaped bodies with the apex directed towards the cortical surface?

A

Pyramidal cells

25
Q

What are the largest pyramidal cells?

A

Huge UMNs of the motor cortex = Betz cells

26
Q

Which morphological cell type of the neocortex is characterized by small polygonal cells with a few short dendrites?

A

Cells of martinotti

27
Q

Which morphological cell type of the neocortex is characterized by small and spindle-shaped but oriented parallel to surface, and are the least common cell type?

A

Horizontal cells of Cajal

28
Q

Which morphological cell type of the neocortex is characterized by spindle shaped cells oriented at right angles to the surface of the cerebral cortex?

A

Fusiform cells

29
Q

What are the 6 cortical layers from superficial to deep?

A
  1. Molecular (plexiform) layer
  2. Outer granular layer
  3. Pyramidal cell layer
  4. Inner granular layer
  5. Ganglionic layer
  6. Multiform cell layer
30
Q

Contents of molecular cortical layer (layer 1)

A

Dendrites and axons of cortical neurons

Sparse neuroglia and horizontal cells of Cajal

31
Q

Contents of outer granular cortical layer (layer II)

A

Dense population of small pyramidal cells and stellate cells

Axons and dendrites from deeper layers

32
Q

Contents of pyramidal cell cortical layer (layer III)

A

Pyramidal cells of moderate size predominate, martinotti cells also present

33
Q

Contents of inner granular layer of cortex (layer IV)

A

Densely packed stellate cells

34
Q

Contents of ganglionic cortical layer (layer V)

A

Large pyramidal cells and smaller numbers of stellate cells and cells of martinotti

35
Q

Contents of multiform cell cortical layer (layer VI)

A

Wide variety of cell types (small pyramidal cells, cells of martinotti, stellate cells, and fusiform cells in deeper part)

36
Q

The choroid plexus contains a thin layer of well-vascularized ____ mater covered by __________ cells

A

Pia; cuboidal

37
Q

Choroid plexus has branching system of blood vessels which run in fronds composed of a fibrous core covered by _____ epithelium, forming a villous structure

Capillaries and vessels are large and thin walled. Epithelial cells rest on a _________

Long bulbous microvilli project from the epithelial cells

_____ _____ between epithelial cells contribute to a blood-CSF barrier

A

Cuboidal/columnar

Basal lamina

Tight junctions (zona occludens)

38
Q

Structural classification of neurons and where they are found

A

Multipolar — most common, throughout CNS

Bipolar — sensory of retina, olfactory, and inner ear

Uni/pseudounipolar — sensory of DRG and cranial ganglia

Anaxonic — regulate electrical changes of adjacent neurons (no APs of their own)

39
Q

____ = region where head of hippocampus abuts the dentate gyrus

A

Hilus

Neuro Exam 2 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions