CNS Class 9 - Motor Dysfunctions Review and Paralysis Definitions & Speech Disorders Flashcards
Significant or full loss of movement or motor control over intentional movement. Can be applied to different states, such as flaccid, spastic and rigid.
Paralysis
Motor weakness as a result of a neurological cause and results in milder versions of significant motor impairment.
Paresis
Paresis is sometimes referred to as _______ paralysis.
Partial
A term used when one limb is affected.
Uniplegic/Monoplegic
A term used when any two limbs are affected.
Diplegic
________ tends to be used in cases involving the two upper limbs or the upper limb on one side and the lower limb on the other side.
Diplegic
A term used when the two lower limbs are affected and often the lower half of the body to varying degrees.
Paraplegic
A term used when the two limbs on the same side of the body are affected and often half of the body is affected (divided sagittally).
Hemiplegic
A term used when all four limbs are affected and can sometimes mean “full body.”
Quadriplegic/Tetraplegic
T/F - With quadriplegia, the body parts are affected to the same degree.
False - With quadriplegia, the body parts ARE NOT ALWAYS affected to the same degree.
Refers to motor dysfunctions in the production of verbal output; there are problems with control of the structures of speech delivery.
Speech Disorders
Some common ______ disorders include:
- Dysarthria
- Scanning speech
- Dysphonia
Speech
A disorder where speech is “slurred” because articulation is not precise.
Dysarthria
A type of dysarthria where the motor control issue is the result of spasticity.
Spastic Dysarthria
A type of dysarthria where the motor control issue is the result of rigidity.
Rigid Dysarthria
T/F - Rigid dysarthria is caused by basal ganglia dysfunction.
True
A type of dysarthria where the motor control issue is caused by damage to the cerebellum or its related afferentation.
Ataxic (aka. Sensorimotor) Dysarthria
A disorder where the person breaks words, sentences or paragraphs into syllables and delivers them in a slow, deliberate fashion, often requiring considerable focus to do.
Scanning Speech
With decomposition of speech, verbal output is _________, lacking inflection and normal punctuation breaks.
Monotonal
A disorder where the person has problems with vocal quality and volume control. Their verbal output is harsh, grating in tone and usually delivered in a loud, penetrating manner.
Dysphonia (aka. Megaphone, Bullfrog Speech)
Refers to dysfunctions in the verbal output process itself, and there are problems with cognition, converting thoughts/concepts into words, producing enough words, and using correct words.
Language Disorders
T/F - There are many language disorder sub-types, as this is a complex area of dysfunction.
True
T/F - Language disorders have no relation to writing, signing and mathematical dysfunctions.
False - Language disorders TYPICALLY INVOLVE writing, signing and mathematical dysfunctions.
A group of dysfunctions related to limited language output where the person usually has normal cognition, but has restricted or no capacity to produce language.
Broca’s (aka. Non-Fluent) Aphasias
With _______ aphasias, the result may be production of sounds but not words, or the capacity to produce only a small number of words or a brief few sentences.
Broca’s
A group of dysfunctions where verbal output is not limited or constrained, however there are major problems with conveying meaning. The person usually has cognitive impairment that seriously affects the capacity to create language communication understandable to the listener.
Wernicke’s (aka. Fluent) Aphasias
With __________ aphasias, it ranges from word-finding and word association errors to producing “gibberish.”
Wernicke’s
T/F - The person’s level of cognition can vary for both fluent and non-fluent aphasias.
True
