CNS Class 9 - Motor Dysfunctions Review and Paralysis Definitions & Speech Disorders

Question 1

Significant or full loss of movement or motor control over intentional movement. Can be applied to different states, such as flaccid, spastic and rigid.

Answer 1

Paralysis

Question 2

Motor weakness as a result of a neurological cause and results in milder versions of significant motor impairment.

Answer 2

Paresis

Question 3

Paresis is sometimes referred to as _______ paralysis.

Answer 3

Partial

Question 4

A term used when one limb is affected.

Answer 4

Uniplegic/Monoplegic

Question 5

A term used when any two limbs are affected.

Answer 5

Diplegic

Question 6

________ tends to be used in cases involving the two upper limbs or the upper limb on one side and the lower limb on the other side.

Answer 6

Diplegic

Question 7

A term used when the two lower limbs are affected and often the lower half of the body to varying degrees.

Answer 7

Paraplegic

Question 8

A term used when the two limbs on the same side of the body are affected and often half of the body is affected (divided sagittally).

Answer 8

Hemiplegic

Question 9

A term used when all four limbs are affected and can sometimes mean “full body.”

Answer 9

Quadriplegic/Tetraplegic

Question 10

T/F - With quadriplegia, the body parts are affected to the same degree.

Answer 10

False - With quadriplegia, the body parts ARE NOT ALWAYS affected to the same degree.

Question 11

Refers to motor dysfunctions in the production of verbal output; there are problems with control of the structures of speech delivery.

Answer 11

Speech Disorders

Question 12

Some common ______ disorders include:
- Dysarthria
- Scanning speech
- Dysphonia

Answer 12

Speech

Question 13

A disorder where speech is “slurred” because articulation is not precise.

Answer 13

Dysarthria

Question 14

A type of dysarthria where the motor control issue is the result of spasticity.

Answer 14

Spastic Dysarthria

Question 15

A type of dysarthria where the motor control issue is the result of rigidity.

Answer 15

Rigid Dysarthria

Question 16

T/F - Rigid dysarthria is caused by basal ganglia dysfunction.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

A type of dysarthria where the motor control issue is caused by damage to the cerebellum or its related afferentation.

Answer 17

Ataxic (aka. Sensorimotor) Dysarthria

Question 18

A disorder where the person breaks words, sentences or paragraphs into syllables and delivers them in a slow, deliberate fashion, often requiring considerable focus to do.

Answer 18

Scanning Speech

Question 19

With decomposition of speech, verbal output is _________, lacking inflection and normal punctuation breaks.

Answer 19

Monotonal

Question 20

A disorder where the person has problems with vocal quality and volume control. Their verbal output is harsh, grating in tone and usually delivered in a loud, penetrating manner.

Answer 20

Dysphonia (aka. Megaphone, Bullfrog Speech)

Question 21

Refers to dysfunctions in the verbal output process itself, and there are problems with cognition, converting thoughts/concepts into words, producing enough words, and using correct words.

Answer 21

Language Disorders

Question 22

T/F - There are many language disorder sub-types, as this is a complex area of dysfunction.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

T/F - Language disorders have no relation to writing, signing and mathematical dysfunctions.

Answer 23

False - Language disorders TYPICALLY INVOLVE writing, signing and mathematical dysfunctions.

Question 24

A group of dysfunctions related to limited language output where the person usually has normal cognition, but has restricted or no capacity to produce language.

Answer 24

Broca’s (aka. Non-Fluent) Aphasias

Question 25

With _______ aphasias, the result may be production of sounds but not words, or the capacity to produce only a small number of words or a brief few sentences.

Answer 25

Broca’s

Question 26

A group of dysfunctions where verbal output is not limited or constrained, however there are major problems with conveying meaning. The person usually has cognitive impairment that seriously affects the capacity to create language communication understandable to the listener.

Answer 26

Wernicke’s (aka. Fluent) Aphasias

Question 27

With __________ aphasias, it ranges from word-finding and word association errors to producing “gibberish.”

Answer 27

Wernicke’s

Question 28

T/F - The person’s level of cognition can vary for both fluent and non-fluent aphasias.

Answer 28

True