CNS Class 12 - Stroke Flashcards
Classic symptoms of a ______ include ______ onset of:
- Numbness/weakness of face, arm or leg (especially on one side)
- Confusion, trouble speaking or understanding speech
- Trouble seeing in one/both eyes
- Trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance/coordination
- Severe headache (idiopathic), stiff neck, facial pain, vomiting/altered consciousness
Stroke
Sudden
What does the acronym act FAST stand for?
Face (drooping while smiling)
Arms (can you raise both?)
Speech (slurred/jumbled)
Time (to call 911)
T/F - Stroke symptoms in females can present differently than the classic symptoms, similar to myocardial infarction in females.
True
Symptoms of a stroke in _______ include:
- Fainting
- Seizures
- Sudden hiccups
- Sudden nausea
- Chest, jaw or neck pain
- Fatigue
- Shortness of breath
- Racing heartbeat
- Anxiety (feeling that something just isn’t right)
- General weakness (not just one side)
- Fever
Females
Knowing the signs and symptoms specific to the involved ________ artery is important for both recognizing an impending ______ and understanding associated impairments and treatment modifications.
Cerebral
Stroke
Which cerebral artery is affected based on the following S/S?
- Spastic paralysis of contralateral foot/leg
- Spastic paresis of contralateral arm
- Contralateral sensory loss over toes, foot and leg
- Problems making decisions/performing acts voluntarily
- Lack of spontaneity
- Easily distracted
- Slowness of thought
- Aphasia (depends on hemisphere involved)
- Urinary incontinence
- Cognitive and affective mood disorders
Anterior Cerebral
Which cerebral artery is affected based on the following S/S?
- Contralateral spastic hemiplegia (face and arm)
- Contralateral sensory impairment
- Aphasia
- Homonymous hemianopia
- Altered consciousness (confusion to coma)
- Inability to turn eyes toward paralyzed side
- Hemi-inattention
- Possible acalculia, agraphia, alexia, finger agnosia and left-right confusion
- Vasomotor paresis and instability
Middle Cerebral
Which cerebral artery is affected based on the following S/S?
- Homonymous hemaniopia
- Colour blindness
- Loss of central vision
- Visual hallucinations
- Memory deficits
- Preservation (repeated performance of same verbal/motor responses)
Posterior Cerebral
The ________ is involved when there is a stroke in the posterior cerebral artery based on the following S/S:
- Loss of all sensory modalities
- Spontaneous pain
- Intentional tremor
- Mild hemiparesis
- Aphasia
Thalamus
The ________ ________ is involved when there is a stroke in the posterior cerebral artery based on the following S/S:
- Oculomotor nerve palsy
- Contralateral hemiplegia
Cerebral Peduncle
Which cerebral arteries is affected based on the following S/S?
- Visual disturbance (diplopia)
- Dystaxia
- Vertigo
- Dysphagia
- Dysphonia
Basilar & Vertebral Arteries
Some ______________ risk factors of having a stroke include:
- Age
- Sex
- Race
- Previous TIA, stroke or MI
- Sickle cell disease/anemia
Non-Modifiable
The likelihood of stroke increases with age, particularly above ___, for both males and females.
55
T/F - Incidence of stroke is higher in males at an older age, but not at younger ages.
False - Incidence of stroke is higher in males at A YOUNGER age, but not at OLDER ages.
T/F - Males have more strokes than females and stroke kills more males than females.
False - FEMALES have more strokes than MALES and stroke kills more FEMALES than MALES.
T/F - Females tend to live longer than males and are older when they have a stroke.
True
Factors that may increase stroke risks for _______ include:
- Pregnancy
- History of preeclampsia/eclampsia
- History of gestational diabetes
- Oral contraceptive use (especially with smoking)
- Menopause and post-menopausal hormone therapy
Females
T/F - African Americans and Hispanics have a much lower risk of death from a stroke than Caucasians do.
False - African-Americans and Hispanics have a much HIGHER risk of death from a stroke than Caucasians do.
A person who’s had one or more TIAs is almost ___ times more likely to have a stroke than someone of the same age and sex who hasn’t.
10 times
A genetic disorder that mainly affects African American and Hispanic children. It causes red blood cells to be less able to carry oxygen to the body’s tissues and organs.
Sickle Cell Disease (Sickle Cell Anemia)
“_______” red blood cells tend to stick to blood vessel walls, which can cause a stroke.
“Sickled”
Some __________ risk factors of having a stroke include:
- Hypertension
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Hypercholesteremia
- Carotid Artery Disease
- Peripheral Artery Disease
- Atrial Fibrillation
- Heart Diseases
Modifiable
A leading cause of stroke and the most significant controllable risk factor.
Hypertension
An independent risk factor of stroke and many people with ________ ________ also have high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol and are overweight, which increases their risk even more.
Diabetes Mellitus
Excess low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in the blood, either due to diet or genetics.
Hypercholesteremia
Which disease is being described below?
A carotid artery narrowed by fatty deposits from atherosclerosis may become blocked by a blood clot, causing a stroke.
Carotid Artery Disease
Which disease is being described below?
Atherosclerosis in peripheral arteries increases risk of carotid artery disease.
Peripheral Artery Disease
Atrial ____________ can lead to clots that travel to the brain.
Fibrillation
_____ diseases such as congestive heart failure, valve diseases and dilated cardiomyopathy all increase stroke risk.
Heart
Septic ______ in the brain can occur from endocarditis vegetations.
Emboli
