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Anatomy > CNS > Flashcards

CNS Flashcards

1
Q

Prosencephalon

A

Forebrain

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2
Q

Telencephalon

A

Cerebrum

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3
Q

What connects the 2 hemispheres of the brain

A

Corpus callosum

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4
Q

What is gray matter made of and where is it

A
  • superficial in the cerebral cortex
  • neurons and glia
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5
Q

What is white matter made of, where is it

A
  • deep in cerebral cortex
  • myelinated axons
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6
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Includes primary motor (pre central gyrus) and pre motor/ supplementary motors areas, association areas

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7
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Primary sensory (post central gyrus)
Association areas

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8
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Contains primary auditory area (superior temporal gyrus)

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9
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Primary visual (calcarine fissure) and visual association areas

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10
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

Subcortical nuclei that include caudate, puta,en, globes pallidus, and subthalamic nucleus

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11
Q

Diencephalon

A

Thalamus and hypothalamus

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12
Q

Thalamus

A

Major relay station for sensory functions, not olfaction

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13
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Maintenance of homeostasis and equilibrium. Controls motivated behaviors. Connected to autonomic and endocrine systems. Connected to pituitary gland by infundibulum.

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14
Q

Mesencephalon

A

Midbrain:
- cerebral peduncles
- substantia nigra
- red nucleus
- motor nuclei of cranial nerves 3 and 4
- tectum

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15
Q

Cerebral peduncles

A

Involved in the lateral and anterior corticospinal tracts. Motor

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16
Q

Substantia nigra

A

Functions with basal ganglia

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17
Q

Red nucleus

A

Vascular. Start of rubrospinal tract

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18
Q

Tectum

A

Contains superior and inferior colliculi

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19
Q

Rhombencephalon

A

Hindbrain

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20
Q

Metencephalon

A

Pons and cerebellum

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21
Q

Pons

A

Contributes to multiple ascending and descending tracts. Interconnected with cerebellum via cerebellar peduncle.

22
Q

Which cranial nerves originate at the pons

A

V, VI, VII

23
Q

Cerebellum

A

Involved in motor programming and coordination of movement. Cerebellar peduncles connect it to brain stem

24
Q

Myelencephalon

A

Medulla oblongata

25
Q

Medulla

A

A part of many spinal tracts. An important sensory relay nuclei.

26
Q

Pyramidal decussation

A

Crossover point for motor fibers at spinomedullary junction

27
Q

Brain stem

A

Midbrain, pons, medulla

28
Q

Dura matter

A
  • superficial layer
  • thick and tough
  • double layered in skull
  • single layered in spinal cord
29
Q

Arachnoid

A

Middle layer
- spider web like
- delicate

30
Q

Pía matter

A

Deepest layer
- closely adheres to brain surface
-transparent to naked eye

31
Q

Subarachnoid space

A
  • Contains cerebral spinal fluid
  • surrounds entire brain
  • creates cushion by buoyancy
32
Q

Arachnoid granulations

A

Extensions of arachnoid through the dura into venous sinus (superior saggital sinus) which allows cerebral spinal fluid to enter venous circulation

33
Q

Subarachnoid cisterns

A

Enlargement of subarachnoid space

34
Q

Falx cerebri

A

Separates hemispheres

35
Q

Tentorium cerebelli

A

Makes roof over cerebellum

36
Q

Diaphragm sella

A

Sits over sella trucica

37
Q

Choroid plexus

A

Highly vascularized connective tissue (mesodermal origin) covered with an ependymal layer
Makes cerebral spinal fluid in ventricular system

38
Q

Lateral ventricle

A
  • 2
  • cavity of telencephalon
39
Q

3rd ventricle

A

Cavity of diencephalon

40
Q

Cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius

A

Cavity of the mesencephalon

41
Q

Fourth ventricle

A

Cavity of the metencephalon and mylencephalon

42
Q

Foramen of Magendie and Foramen of Luschka

A

Continuous with subarachnoid space, exit cite for cerebral spinal fluid in ventricular system

43
Q

Central canal

A

Cavity of spinal cord

44
Q

Cerebral spinal fluid flow

A

Lateral ventricle (anterior, posterior, inferior horns) —> interventricular Foramen —> third ventricle —> cerebral aqueduct —> fourth ventricle —> Foramen of magendie and luschka —> subarachnoid space

45
Q

Epidural region

A
  • above dura
  • beneath bone of skull
  • potential space
46
Q

Subdural space

A
  • between dura and arachnoid
  • potential space
47
Q

C1-C4

A

Neck

48
Q

C5-T1

A

Upper extremity

49
Q

T1-L1

A

Trunk

50
Q

L2-S3

A

Lower extremity

51
Q

S4-5, CX 1

A

Pelvis and perineum

Anatomy (21 decks)

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