Abdominal Cavity

Question 1

Peritoneum

Answer 1

• membrane lining of abdominal cavity
• considered a closed sac
• reduces friction, and makes peristalsis smooth
• during development organs go into the dorsal aspect of the peritoneal sac making a visceral peritonium and parietal peritoneum

Question 2

Intraperitoneal organs

Answer 2

Organs that do peristalsis within the peritoneum

Question 3

Visceral peritoneum

Answer 3

Surrounds each organs (dorsal)

Question 4

Parietal peritoneum

Answer 4

Forming wall lining the abdomen (ventral)

Question 5

Retroperitoneal

Answer 5

Organs situated or occurring behind the peritoneum (not in the peritoneum)

Question 6

Peritoneal cavity

Answer 6

The potential space between the parietal peritoneum and visceral peritoneum

Question 7

Mesentery

Answer 7

Anchors the intestines to the abdominal wall so they don’t move

Question 8

Greater omentum

Answer 8

• Fatty apron anterior
• goes over the large and small intestines
• connected to greater curvature of stomach
  
  • lower curve

Question 9

Less omentum

Answer 9

• connected to liver, pancreas, stomach
• connected to the lesser curvature of stomach
  
  • superior curve

Question 10

Mucosa

Answer 10

Epithelial cells with projects called villi which maximize absorption

Question 11

Muscularis mucosa

Answer 11

• within mucosal layer
• this smooth muscles (not peristalsis)

Question 12

Submucosa

Answer 12

Gland, vessels, and submucosal nerve plexus, absorbs nutrients

Question 13

Muscularis (externa)

Answer 13

Circular and longitudinal muscles resulting in peristalsis

Question 14

Mylentric plexus

Answer 14

Complicated plexus for peristalsis

Question 15

Serosa/adventitia

Answer 15

Outermost layer, connective tissue

Question 16

Details about histological organization

Answer 16

• the patterns occurs throughout the GI tract
• parasympathetic nervous system controls processes

Question 17

Order of histological organization

Answer 17

In to out
Mucosa - Muscularis mucosa - submucosa - Muscularis externa - serosa adventitia

Question 18

Fundas

Answer 18

Top of stomach, the last part that fills

Question 19

Cardia

Answer 19

Connection between esophagus and stomach

Question 20

Pylorus

Answer 20

Bottom region of stomach

Question 21

Pyloric incisure

Answer 21

Lesser (smaller) curvature

Question 22

Pyloric antrum

Answer 22

Greater (longer) curvature

Question 23

Pyloric canal

Answer 23

Connects pyloric antrum (end of greater curvature) to pyloric sphincter

Question 24

Pyloric sphincter

Answer 24

Stays closed to allow enzymes to break down food

Question 25

Rugae

Answer 25

- folding of the stomach which increases surface area

Question 26

Peristalsis

Answer 26

Horizontal and vertical smooth muscles fibers allow for this to occur

Question 27

Small intestine pathway

Answer 27

Duodenum - jejunum - ilium From stomach to cecum of large intestine

Question 28

Job of small intestine

Answer 28

- absorbs nutrients - secretes enzymes for further digestion - secretes mucus

Question 29

Plica circularis (small intestine)

Answer 29

Numerous internal circular folds that increase area for absorptive and secretory processes

Question 30

Hepatopancreatic ampulla

Answer 30

Muscular chamber where digestive enzymes from the enzymes from the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder converge prior to being secreted into duodenum

Question 31

Bile

Answer 31

Made in the liver and stored in gall bladder - breaks down fats

Question 32

Cecum

Answer 32

Ileocecal region: junction between cecum and ileum

Question 33

Vermiform appendix

Answer 33

- narrow, worm shaped structure that protrudes from the posteromedial aspect of the cecum - can have food substances go into it which would require an appendectomy

Question 34

Ascending colon

Answer 34

- right side of colon - blood supply: right colic artery

Question 35

Hepatic flexure

Answer 35

Right colic flexure (top left when looking at body)

Question 36

Transverse colon

Answer 36

Blood supply: middle colic artery

Question 37

Splenic flexture

Answer 37

Left colic flexure (top right when looking at body)

Question 38

Descending colon

Answer 38

Blood supply: left colic artery

Question 39

Sigmoid colon

Answer 39

Blood supply: sigmoid artery

Question 40

Rectum

Answer 40

Blood supply: superior rectal artery

Question 41

Colon (large intestine)

Answer 41

- primary funcion includes absorption of water and fecal storage - large sacculations (haustra) are visible intead of small circular folds

Question 42

Tenia coli

Answer 42

Longitudinally oriented coli muscles contract to move substances through adjacent haustra during peristalsis

Question 43

Epiploic appendages

Answer 43

Small fat tags attached to external colon

Question 44

Anus

Answer 44

Constricted termination of digestive tract, surrounded by sphincter muscles that function in elimination of rectal contents

Question 45

Internal anal sphincter

Answer 45

Involuntary control

Question 46

External anal sphincter

Answer 46

Voluntary control