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Anatomy > Abdominal Cavity > Flashcards

Abdominal Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

Peritoneum

A
  • membrane lining of abdominal cavity
  • considered a closed sac
  • reduces friction, and makes peristalsis smooth
  • during development organs go into the dorsal aspect of the peritoneal sac making a visceral peritonium and parietal peritoneum
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2
Q

Intraperitoneal organs

A

Organs that do peristalsis within the peritoneum

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3
Q

Visceral peritoneum

A

Surrounds each organs (dorsal)

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4
Q

Parietal peritoneum

A

Forming wall lining the abdomen (ventral)

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5
Q

Retroperitoneal

A

Organs situated or occurring behind the peritoneum (not in the peritoneum)

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6
Q

Peritoneal cavity

A

The potential space between the parietal peritoneum and visceral peritoneum

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7
Q

Mesentery

A

Anchors the intestines to the abdominal wall so they don’t move

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8
Q

Greater omentum

A
  • Fatty apron anterior
  • goes over the large and small intestines
  • connected to greater curvature of stomach
    • lower curve
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9
Q

Less omentum

A
  • connected to liver, pancreas, stomach
  • connected to the lesser curvature of stomach
    • superior curve
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10
Q

Mucosa

A

Epithelial cells with projects called villi which maximize absorption

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11
Q

Muscularis mucosa

A
  • within mucosal layer
  • this smooth muscles (not peristalsis)
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12
Q

Submucosa

A

Gland, vessels, and submucosal nerve plexus, absorbs nutrients

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13
Q

Muscularis (externa)

A

Circular and longitudinal muscles resulting in peristalsis

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14
Q

Mylentric plexus

A

Complicated plexus for peristalsis

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15
Q

Serosa/adventitia

A

Outermost layer, connective tissue

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16
Q

Details about histological organization

A
  • the patterns occurs throughout the GI tract
  • parasympathetic nervous system controls processes
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17
Q

Order of histological organization

A

In to out
Mucosa - Muscularis mucosa - submucosa - Muscularis externa - serosa adventitia

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18
Q

Fundas

A

Top of stomach, the last part that fills

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19
Q

Cardia

A

Connection between esophagus and stomach

20
Q

Pylorus

A

Bottom region of stomach

21
Q

Pyloric incisure

A

Lesser (smaller) curvature

22
Q

Pyloric antrum

A

Greater (longer) curvature

23
Q

Pyloric canal

A

Connects pyloric antrum (end of greater curvature) to pyloric sphincter

24
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

Stays closed to allow enzymes to break down food

25
Q

Rugae

A
  • folding of the stomach which increases surface area
26
Q

Peristalsis

A

Horizontal and vertical smooth muscles fibers allow for this to occur

27
Q

Small intestine pathway

A

Duodenum - jejunum - ilium
From stomach to cecum of large intestine

28
Q

Job of small intestine

A
  • absorbs nutrients
  • secretes enzymes for further digestion
  • secretes mucus
29
Q

Plica circularis (small intestine)

A

Numerous internal circular folds that increase area for absorptive and secretory processes

30
Q

Hepatopancreatic ampulla

A

Muscular chamber where digestive enzymes from the enzymes from the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder converge prior to being secreted into duodenum

31
Q

Bile

A

Made in the liver and stored in gall bladder - breaks down fats

32
Q

Cecum

A

Ileocecal region: junction between cecum and ileum

33
Q

Vermiform appendix

A
  • narrow, worm shaped structure that protrudes from the posteromedial aspect of the cecum
  • can have food substances go into it which would require an appendectomy
34
Q

Ascending colon

A
  • right side of colon
  • blood supply: right colic artery
35
Q

Hepatic flexure

A

Right colic flexure (top left when looking at body)

36
Q

Transverse colon

A

Blood supply: middle colic artery

37
Q

Splenic flexture

A

Left colic flexure (top right when looking at body)

38
Q

Descending colon

A

Blood supply: left colic artery

39
Q

Sigmoid colon

A

Blood supply: sigmoid artery

40
Q

Rectum

A

Blood supply: superior rectal artery

41
Q

Colon (large intestine)

A
  • primary funcion includes absorption of water and fecal storage
  • large sacculations (haustra) are visible intead of small circular folds
42
Q

Tenia coli

A

Longitudinally oriented coli muscles contract to move substances through adjacent haustra during peristalsis

43
Q

Epiploic appendages

A

Small fat tags attached to external colon

44
Q

Anus

A

Constricted termination of digestive tract, surrounded by sphincter muscles that function in elimination of rectal contents

45
Q

Internal anal sphincter

A

Involuntary control

46
Q

External anal sphincter

A

Voluntary control

Anatomy (21 decks)

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