Clostridial Diseases

Question 1

Clostridium novyi type D

Answer 1

“Red water”

Question 2

Clostridium novyi type B

Answer 2

Black Disease - liver

equine - foal?

Question 3

Clostridium piliforme

Answer 3

formerly known as Bacillus piliformis, is a large (0.2-5 μm) gram negative filamentous rod shaped bacteria
“Tyzzer’s Disease”

Question 4

Clostridium perfringens

Answer 4

Enterotoxemia, commonly found as part of the normal intestinal microflora of animals and lack some of the powerful toxins produced by strains of other types. C perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) is the principal toxin involved in C perfringens foodborne illness and is associated with nonfoodborne diarrheal disease in different animals. C perfringens also produces a necrotizing toxin associated with necrotic enteritis in poultry (see Necrotic Enteritis) and dogs, colitis in horses, and diarrhea in pigs

Question 5

Clostridium botulinum

Answer 5

produces a toxin that blocks acetylcholine release by binding the presynaptic membrane, this causes progressive paralysis and generalized progressive weakness. Death usually occurs due to respiratory paralysis. The bacteria often proliferate in decomposing animal or plant tissue.

Question 6

Clostridium difficile

Answer 6

large, gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming motile rod and is the major cause of antibiotic-associated colitis in people. C difficile–associated diarrhea and disease develops spontaneously in a variety of other species including horses, pigs, calves, dogs, cats, hamsters, guinea pigs, rats, and rabbits

Question 7

Clostridium chauvoei

Answer 7

“black leg”

Question 8

Clostridium novyi type A

Answer 8

in cattle: low morbidity and high mortality; sings of small intestinal obstruction develop, and if feces are passed they are very dark and bloody.

Question 9

Clostridium novyi type C

Answer 9

“big head” in sheep, Treatment with penicillin is usually effective. Culling or treating all animals in unnecessary as Clostridium is found in the soil and feces of healthy animals. Bighead is caused when the organism enters through wounds obtained during head-butting activities. The disease can be fatal if untreated. The key to reducing the incidence of this disease is management to reduce head wounds and vaccination with multivalent clostridial toxoids.

Question 10

Clostridium septicum

Answer 10

can also cause “black leg”

Question 11

Clostridium sordellii

Answer 11

can also cause “black leg”