Cloning (triple only)

Question 1

Give 4 ways in which organisms can be cloned

Answer 1

Cuttings
Tissue culture
Embryo transplant
Adult cell cloning

Question 2

Name the type of cloning shown in the photograph

Answer 2

Tissue culture

Question 3

Describe the process of tissue culture

Answer 3

Using small groups of cells from part of a plant to grow identical new plants

Question 4

Give two uses of tissue culture

Answer 4

Preserving rare plant species
Commercially in nurseries

Question 5

Describe why cuttings are made

Answer 5

Used by gardeners to produce many identical new plants from a parent plant.

Question 6

Describe how plant cuttings are taken

Answer 6

Branch is cut off parent plant
Lower leaves are removed and the stem is planted
Plant hormones are used to encourage new root development
Plastic bag is used to cover the new plant to keep it warm and reduce transpiration
New roots and a new plant is formed after a few weeks

Question 7

Name the type of cloning shown in the diagram

Answer 7

Cuttings

Question 8

Give an advantage of cloning plants by cuttings compared to tissue culture

Answer 8

Simple method

Question 9

Name the type of cloning shown in the diagram

Answer 9

Adult cell cloning

Question 10

Describe the process of cloning by embryo transplants

Answer 10

Splitting apart cells from a developing animal embryo become specialised
Transplant identical embryos into host mothers

Question 11

Describe the process of adult cell cloning

Answer 11

Nucleus is removed from an unfertilised egg cell
Nucleus from an adult body cell, such as a skin cell, is inserted into the eg cell
An Electric shock stimulates the egg cell to divide to form an embryo
Embryo cells contain the same genetic information as the adult skin cell
When embryo has developed into a ball of cells, it is inserted into the womb of an adult female to continue its development

Question 12

Name two ways of cloning plants

Answer 12

Cuttings
Tissue culture

Question 13

What must be ensured when preparing tissue cultures?

Answer 13

Aseptic condition to prevent contamination by organisms

Question 14

What must the growth medium contain?

Answer 14

Nutrients and growth hormones

Question 15

What are the advantages of growing plants by tissue culture?

Answer 15

Fast and simple
Requires little space
Enables growth of many plant clones with the same desirable feature
Useful in the presentation of endangered plant species

Question 16

What are the disadvantages of growing plants by tissues culture?

Answer 16

Reduction in the types of alleles present in the population
Plant clones have a low survival rate
Could increase the presence of recessive alleles

Question 17

Name the type of cloning shown in the photograph

Answer 17

Embryo splitting