B12a DNA structure

Question 1

Where is the genetic information stored?

Answer 1

Nucleus

Question 2

Name the chemical found in the genetic material

Answer 2

DNA

Question 3

Name the molecule shown in the picture

Answer 3

DNA

Question 4

Name the shape of a DNA molecule

Answer 4

Double helix

Question 5

Why is DNA described as a double helix?

Answer 5

Two strands

Twisted into a helix shape

Question 6

Describe the shape of the molecule shown in the picture

Answer 6

Double helix

Question 7

Define the term gene

Answer 7

Small section of DNA on a chromosome which codes for a particular sequence of amino acids to make a specific protein

Question 8

Name the structures found in the nucleus that contain DNA

Answer 8

Chromosomes

Question 9

Define the term genome

Answer 9

Entire genetic material of the organism

Question 10

Why is a knowledge of the human genome important?

Answer 10

Improve medicine in the future

Search for genes linked to different types of disease

Understand and treat inherited disorders

Use to trace human migration patterns from the past

Question 11

Name the four bases found in DNA

Answer 11

G (Guanine)

C (Cytosine)

T (Thymine)

A (Adenine)

Question 12

How many different nucleotides are needed to make DNA?

Answer 12

4

Question 13

Name the 3 chemical components of a DNA nucleotide

Answer 13

Sugar

Phosphate group

Base

Question 14

Name the structure shown in the diagram

Answer 14

Nucleotide

Question 15

DNA is a polymer.

What does this mean?

Answer 15

Made of lots of nucleotides joined together

Question 16

How many bases are needed to code for an amino acid

Answer 16

Three

Question 17

What does the order of the bases on DNA code for?

Answer 17

The sequence of amino acids needed to produce a particular protein

Question 18

The backbone of DNA consists of two groups.

What are they?

Answer 18

Sugar and phosphate

Question 19

To which molecule in the DNA backbone is the base attached to?

Answer 19

Sugar

Question 20

Which base is complementary to C (cytosine)

Answer 20

G (Guanine)

Question 21

Which base is complementary to adenine?

Answer 21

T (thymine)

Question 22

Name the sub-cellular structure on which proteins are made

Answer 22

Ribosome

Question 23

Name three types of protein made in the cell

Answer 23

Hormone

Enzyme

Collagen

Question 24

Describe how proteins are made in the cell

Answer 24

DNA in a gene unwinds to form 2 strands

One strand is copied to make messenger RNA (mRNA)

The mRNA diffuses into the cytoplasm and attaches to a ribosome

Ribosome reads the code on the mRNA

Ribosome ensure that the correct sequence of ammo acids are joined together

To form a protein

Question 25

How many amino acids are coded for by this piece of DNA?

Answer 25

Two

(Three bases are code for one amino acid)

Question 26

The base sequence in DNA can be changed.

What is this called?

Answer 26

Mutation

Question 27

What happens to a protein once it has been made on the ribosome?

Answer 27

Folds to form a unique shape

This shape enables the protein to do its job

Question 28

When do mutation occur?

Answer 28

Continuously

Question 29

Most mutations change the protein made.

True or false

Answer 29

False

Question 30

A mutation changes the shape of collagen

What effect will this have?

Answer 30

Shape of collagen changes

Collagen loses its strength

Question 31

A mutation changes the shape of an enzyme.

What effect will this have in the cell?

Answer 31

Shape of active site changes

Substrate no longer fits in the active site

Enzyme does not function

Question 32

Whist is the function of non-coding DNA?

Answer 32

Does not code for a protein

Can switch genes on and off

Mutations can change how genes are expressed

Question 33

What change is made to the DNA in a mutation?

Answer 33

The base sequence