B1 Cells

Question 1

Name structure A

Answer 1

Mitochondria

Question 2

Name the liquid found in vacuoles.

Answer 2

Cell sap

Question 3

Where do chemical reactions happen in cells?

Answer 3

Cytoplasm.

Question 4

Name structure E

Answer 4

Nucleus

Question 5

Name the chemical found in plant cell walls.

Answer 5

Cellulose

Question 6

What type of cell is shown in the diagram?

Answer 6

Plant cell

Question 7

Name the sub-cellular structure where respiration happens.

Answer 7

Mitochondria

Question 8

Where are proteins made in the cell?

Answer 8

Ribosomes

Question 9

Name structure C

Answer 9

Nucleus

Question 10

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 10

Strengthen the cell.

Question 11

Which type of microscope has been used to take this photograph?

Answer 11

Light microscope

Question 12

Which type of cell is shown in the diagram

Answer 12

Animal cell

Question 13

Define diffusion

Answer 13

The net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Question 14

Name structure D

Answer 14

Cell membrane

Question 15

Red blood cells are specialised cells.

Give two ways in which this cell is adapted for its function.

Answer 15

Haemoglobin - red pigment
No nucleus
Biconcave shape

Question 16

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 16

Controls which substances enter and leave the cell.

Question 17

Name structure E

Answer 17

Cytoplasm

Question 18

Name the sub-cellular structure where photosynthesis takes place.

Answer 18

Chloroplast

Question 19

Are plant cells eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

Answer 19

Eukaryotic.

Question 20

Name structure B

Answer 20

Ribosome

Question 21

What is a tissue?

Answer 21

A group of similar cells performing a particular function

Question 22

Describe and explain 2 adaptations shown by muscle cells.

Answer 22

Have lots of mitochondria to provide energy for the cell to contract.
Contain lots of protein fibres which make the cell contract.

Question 23

Name the type of microscope that gives high magnification and resolution.

Answer 23

Electron microscope.

Question 24

Put the following terms in order of size starting with the smallest.
Tissue, Organ system, Cell, Organ

Answer 24

Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ system

Question 25

Name an organ found in the circulatory system.

Answer 25

Heart Vein Artery

Question 26

Give 2 differences between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.

Answer 26

Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus whereas eukaryotic cells do. Prokaryotic cells are smaller than eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells do not contain sub-cellular structures.

Question 27

Name the tissue used to transport sugar solution in a plant and Describe how it is adapted.

Answer 27

Phloem Column of cells Sieve plates (holes in the cell walls) allow sugar solution to move Very few sub-cellular structure to allow sugar to move

Question 28

Which type of cell contains plasmids?

Answer 28

Bacteria or prokaryotic cells

Question 29

Is this a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell

Answer 29

Eukaryotic

Question 30

Name the structures found in an animal cell? There are 5 structures.

Answer 30

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes

Question 31

Is this cell eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

Answer 31

Prokaryote

Question 32

Name structure A

Answer 32

Cell wall

Question 33

Name 3 structures found in plant cells but not animal cells.

Answer 33

Chloroplast Vacuole Cell wall

Question 34

What is the function of a plasmid?

Answer 34

Carries extra genes that help the bacterium survive

Question 35

Give 2 adaptations shown by sperm cells.

Answer 35

Tail - for swimming. Nucleus contains half the normal number of chromosomes. Lots of mitochondria - to provide energy needed.

Question 36

Name a substance that diffuses into a cell.

Answer 36

Oxygen or glucose

Question 37

What is the function of a root hair cell? Describe how it is adapted.

Answer 37

Absorb water and mineral ions from the soil. Long hair increases the surface area in contact with the soil

Question 38

Name structure D

Answer 38

Chloroplast

Question 39

What is the function of white blood cells and how are they adapted?

Answer 39

Protect the body from infection. Change shape to engulf bacteria Lots of ribosomes to make antibodies and antitoxins

Question 40

What is the function of a nerve cell? How is it adapted?

Answer 40

Communication/ send electrical impulses around the body. Long axon which transmits electrical impulses

Question 41

Describe the genetic material in a prokaryotic cell.

Answer 41

Single DNA loop. It is not found in a nucleus.

Question 42

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 42

Controls the cells activities.

Question 43

Name a chemical that diffuses out of cells.

Answer 43

Urea Carbon dioxide.

Question 44

Name structure C

Answer 44

Ribosome

Question 45

Give two differences between plant and animal cells.

Answer 45

Plants cells have a cell wall whereas animal cells do not. Plant cells have a vacuole whereas animals cells do not. Some plant cells contain chloroplasts whereas animal cells do not.

Question 46

Name a type of cell that is prokaryote.

Answer 46

Bacteria

Question 47

How is the magnification of a light microscope calculated?

Answer 47

Eyepiece lens x objective lens

Question 48

Give the name of the chemical that stains starch.

Answer 48

Iodine.

Question 49

What are the advantages of using an electron microscope rather than an light microscope?

Answer 49

Greater magnification Greater resolution

Question 50

Name the type of microscope shown on the photograph

Answer 50

Electron microscope

Question 51

Give the equation used to calculate magnification of an image.

Answer 51

Magnification = size of image / size of real object

Question 52

Give three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Answer 52

Prokaryotic cells are smaller Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus Prokaryotic cells contain plasmids Prokaryotic cells have a cell wall but it is not made of cellulose

Question 53

Name structure B

Answer 53

Mitochondria

Question 54

Name the type of microscope shown on the photograph

Answer 54

Light or optical microscope

Question 55

Name the tissue that transports water through a plant and describe how it is adapted for this function

Answer 55

Xylem Hollow column of cells No cytoplasm Lignin in cell walls No cross walls

Question 56

Describe how to use a microscope to view a specimen

Answer 56

Place slide on the stage Check light is passing through the microscope, Select the objective lens with the smallest Magnificat Use the focus wheel to move the objective lens as close to the stage as possible. Look down the microscope and using the focus wheel focus on the object. Select the objective lens required

Question 57

Name structure F

Answer 57

Vacuole

Question 58

Describe how you would prepare a slide of onion cells to view under the microscope

Answer 58

Place a drop of water on the slide Place thin layer of onion epidermis on the water Add stain / iodine Lower the coverslip using a mounted needle onto the specimen

Question 59

Why does the tissue need to be thin in order to view it under the microscope?

Answer 59

To allow light to pass through Only one cell thick

Question 60

Why is a stain used when preparing a tissue sample to view under the microscope?

Answer 60

Allows you to see sub-cellular structures more easily Allows you to see transparent structures