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Semester 6 > Clinical skills > Flashcards

Clinical skills Flashcards

0
Q

Causes of right axis deviation

A

RVH (chronic lung disease)
WPW
Anterolateral MI
Left posterior hemiblock

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1
Q

Common causes of left axis deviation

A

Left anterior hemiblock
WPW
Inferior MI

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2
Q

Normal p wave

A

<2.5 blocks in lead ll
Lead l has both positive and negative (biphasic)
Should look the same
Give rise to QRS

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3
Q

Peaked P in lead ll

A

RAH

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4
Q

Exaggerated negative deflection of P in V1

A

LAH

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5
Q

Bifid p wave in lead ll

A

LAH

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6
Q

Normal PR interval

A

0.12-0.2secs

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7
Q

Axis in no mans land

A

Emphysema
Hyperkalaemia
Pacing
Lead transposition

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8
Q

Missing p waves

A

Sick sinus

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9
Q

Saw tooth p waves

A

Atrial flutter

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10
Q

One p per QRS but every one different

A

MAT

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11
Q

Neg p in lead ll

A

Junctional pacemaker (retrograde conduction)

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12
Q

First degree block

A

Long PR interval

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13
Q

Second degree type l

A

Prolonging PR then dropped beat

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14
Q

Second degree type ll

A

Regular PR with dropped beats (pearl necklace)

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15
Q

Tall QRS in Vl

A

RVH

16
Q

Too tall V4-V6

A

LVH

17
Q

Notched QRS (too wide)

A

RBBB

LBBB

18
Q

When is there increased risk of VT/Vfib with PVCs? (6)

A 
More than 6 PVCs per min
Multifocal
Bigeminy/trigeminy
Couplets
Runs of VT
R on T
19
Q

ECG signs in ACS

A 
ST elevation / depression
T wave changes
LBBB
L ant hemiblock 
VT
Other
20
Q

ECG signs for ACS must be..

A

In contiguous leads

21
Q

Big Q waves

A

Old MI

22
Q

Causes of long QT

A

Drugs (amiodarone)
Electrolyte abnormalities
Congenital

23
Q

Values for LVH

A

V6 R>25mm
V1 S>25mm
V1 S + V6 R >35mm
Deepest S + tallest R >45mm

48
Q

Causes of distributive shock

A

Sepsis
Anaphylaxis
Neurogenic (spinal injury)

49
Q

Causes of obstructive shock

A

Massive PE
Tension pneumothorax
Cardiac tamponade

50
Q

Causes of hypovolaemia shock

A

Haemorrhage
Burns
GIT losses

51
Q

Causes of cardiogenic shock

A

MI
Arrhythmias
Acute valvular damage
Cardiac contusion

52
Q

Stage 1 of shock

A

Up to 15% blood loss
Pallor
Normal resp and BP

53
Q

Stage 2 of shock

A 
15-30% blood loss
Tachycardia
Systolic normal but diastolic increased therefore narrow pulse pressure 
Sweating 
Delayed cap refill
54
Q

Stage 3 of shock

A 
30-40% blood volume loss
Systolic BP 100 or less
Tachycardia over 120 
Resp rate>30
Altered mental state
Sweating + cool pale skin
55
Q

Stage 4 of shock

A 
Greater than 40% blood loss
Systolic 70 or less
Tachy of 140 or more and marked tachypnoea
Possible coma
Absent cap refill
Very very pale

Semester 6 (9 decks)

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