Adult Health Flashcards
How to stop nosebleed
Lean slightly forward. Pinch soft part of nose.5 mins then 10 if not stopped.
Cholesteatoma definition
Abnormal growth of skin in the middle ear. Form cysts. Can erode bone. Infect brain.
Causes of runny ear
Otitis externa
Chronic suppurative otitis media
Cholesteatoma (retraction pocket in pars flaccida)
Causes of blocked ear
Ear wax (cerumen)
Otitis media with effusion
Foreign body
Trauma
Causes of ear pain/ache
Acute otitis media
Ear furuncle
Referred pain
Causes of skew face
Bell’s palsy
Causes of ringing ear
Tinnitus
When a patient is dizzy due to ear pathology it’s called…
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (often see nystagmus)
Tool used to examine nose
Thudecum speculum
Causes of blocked nose
Bacteria / viral rhinosinusitis
Nasal polyp
Causes of hoarse voice
Acute laryngitis
Vocal nodules
Shortsightedness
Myopia
Farsightedness
Hypermetropia
Aqueous production pathway
Secretion by epithelium of ciliary body into post space.
Ant chamber -> trabecular meshwork -> schlemms canal -> episcleral veins.
How far must you stand from snellen chart
6m adults 4m children
How to record visual acuity
Distance from chart/number next to last line read
If top letter cannot be seen what must be done?
Stand 1 meter closer
Blindness is visual acuity of less than
3/60
Level of sight to blindness
NPL, PL poor proj, PL good proj, HM, CF 0.5m, 1/60,2/60,3/60
If vision is improved with pin hole ..
There is a refractory error.
Is visual acuity objective or subjective
Subjective
Red confrontation tests..
Visual field
How far do you stand in visual field test?
1m
Visual field loss due to…
Lesion on visual pathway
END STAGE glaucoma (not early or intermediate)
Afferent pupil defect, what is seen on swinging light test and where is lesion?
Both Pupils constrict when light is shone in one eye but don’t do so in affected eye.
Lesion can be on retina or optic nerve
Efferent pupil defect, what is seen on swinging light test and where is lesion?
Pupil on affected side does not constrict when light is shone into either eye. Other pupil constricts when light is shone into either eye.
Lesion is on Oculomotor nerve or pupillary sphincter muscle.
What is the ocular motility test called
Hirschberg test
What sign do you look for when assessing the ant chamber?
Eclipse sign
What test would you use to screen for cataracts or retinoblastoma
Red reflex
