Clinical Nutrition

Question 1

Guidelines for healthy nutrition

Answer 1

1. Follow healthy dietary pattern at every life stage
2. Customize and enjoy nutrient dense food and beverage choices to reflect personal preferences, cultural traditions, and budgetary considerations
3. Focus on meeting food group need with nutrient dense foods and beverages, stay within calorie limits
4. Limit foods and beverages higher in added sugars, saturated fats and sodium, and limit alcohol beverages

Question 2

Newborn diet

Answer 2

First 6 months, human milk

About 6 months to 12 months, introduce nutrient dense complement foods

Question 3

Core elements of a healthy diet pattern

Answer 3

Vegetables, fruits, grains, dairy, protein foods, oils

Question 4

Added sugar limit

Answer 4

Less than 10% calories per day starting at age 2. Before age 2, no added sugar

Question 5

Saturated fats limit

Answer 5

Less than 10% calories per day starting at age 2

Question 6

Sodium limit

Answer 6

Less than 2300 mg per day- less for children younger than 14

Question 7

Alcoholic beverages limit

Answer 7

2 drink a day for men, 1 drink a day for women

Question 8

Cholesterol limit

Answer 8

100-300mg per day

Question 9

Caffeine

Answer 9

3-5 8oz cups of coffee per day

400mg a day

Question 10

Energy expenditure categories

Answer 10

Resting metabolic rate (RMR) or basal metabolic rate (BMR)
Physical activity (MET)
Thermidorian effect of food (TEF)

Question 11

Resting metabolic rate

Answer 11

Determined by measuring the heat given off as a byproduct of fuel metabolism

Question 12

NEAT

Answer 12

non exercise activity thermogenesis m walking, fidgeting, standing, doing the dishes or cooking
To increase, walk more, get pedometer, do more things around house

Question 13

Unsaturated fat

Answer 13

Good fat
Monsaturated-MUFA, healthiest. Olive, sesame, corn oil
Polysaturated- PUFA, spoil quicker. Corn oils, sunflower oil
Liquid at room temp

Question 14

Saturated fat

Answer 14

Bad fat
Solid at room temp
Full of hydrogen, no double bonds between carbon atoms

Question 15

Tran saturated fat

Answer 15

Partially hydrogenated oils
Worst kind of fat
Heat Unsaturated oil and add hydrogen to make it more saturated

Question 16

Monosaccharides

Answer 16

One unit sugar
Glucose, fructose, galactose
Absorbed directly, no breakdown

Question 17

Disaccharide

Answer 17

2 monosaccharides combine
Lactose: glucose and galactose (found in milk and dairy)
Sucrose: glucose and fructose (table sugar, some fruit)

Question 18

Polysaccharide

Answer 18

Many units of sugar
Fiber and starch
Fiber not entirely broken down, health benefits

Question 19

Glycemic index

Answer 19

CHO-> glucose +other monosaccharides increase blood glucose and supplied energy
Simple CHO raise blood glucose rapidly, high index
Complex CHO raise blood sugar less rapid, low glycemic index