Anatomy Lab Week 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Deltoid m. Origin
A
Lateral 1/3 scapula, acromion, spine of scapula
2
Q
Deltoid m. Insertion
A
Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
3
Q
Deltoid m. Action
A
Abducts, flexes, extends, medially and laterally rotates arm at glenohumeral (shoulder) joint
4
Q
Deltoid m. Innervation
A
Axillary nerve C5-C6
5
Q
Erector spinae mm. Origin
A
Iliac crest, sacrum, transverse and spinous process of vertebrae, Supra spinal ligament
6
Q
Erector spinae mm. Insertion
A
Angles of ribs, transverse and spinous process of vertebrae, posterior aspect of skull
7
Q
Erector spinae mm. Action
A
Extends, laterally bends the trunk, neck, and head
8
Q
Erector spinae mm. Segments
A
Medial to lateral: spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis
9
Q
Erector spinae mm. Innervation
A
Segmentally Innervation by dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C1-C5
10
Q
Infraspinatus m. Origin
A
Infraspinatus fascia
11
Q
Infraspinatus m. Insertion
A
Greater tubercle of humerus (middle)
12
Q
Infraspinatus m. Action
A
Laterally rotates arm
13
Q
Infraspinatus m. Innervation
A
Suprascapular nerve
14
Q
Latissimus dorsi m. Origin
A
Spinous process T7-T12, L1-L5 via thoracolumbar fascia, 9th-12th ribs, iliac crest
15
Q
Latissimus dorsi m. Insertion
A
Floor of inter tubercle suculus of humerus
16
Q
Latissimus dorsi m. Action
A
Adducts, medially rotates and extends arm at glenohumeral (shoulder) joint
17
Q
Latissimus dorsi m. Innervation
A
Thoracodorsal nerve C6-C8
18
Q
Levator scapulae m. Origin
A
Transverse processes of C1-C2, posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C3- C4
19
Q
Levator scapulae m. Insertion
A
Superior angle of scapula, medial border of scapula superior to spine of scapula
20
Q
Levator scapulae m. Action
A
Elevates and downwardly rotates pectoral (shoulder) girdle at acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints, extends and laterally flexes neck and cervical vertebral joints
21
Q
Levator scapulae m. Innveration
A
Anterior rami of third and fourth cervical nerves, dorsal scapular nerve C5
22
Q
Rhomboid minor m. Origin
A
Nuchal ligament and spinous process of C7-T1
23
Q
Rhomboid minor m. Insertion
A
Medial border of scapula adjacent to spine of scapula
24
Q
Rhomboid minor m. Action
A
Retracts and downwardly rotates pectoral(shoulder) girdle at acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints
25
Rhomboid minor m. Innervation
Dorsal scapular nerve C4-C5
26
Rhomboid major m. Origin
Spinous process of T2-T5
27
Rhomboid major m. Insertion
Medial border of scapula inferior to spine of scapula
28
Rhomboid major m. Action
Retracts and downwardly rotates pectoral (shoulder) girdle at acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints
29
Rhomboid major m. Innervation
Dorsal scapular nerve C4-C5
30
Splenius m. Origin
Spinous processes of T3-T6
31
Splenius m. Insertion
Transverse processes of C1-C3
32
Splenius m. Action
Extends, rotates and laterally flexes the neck and cervical vertebrae joints
33
Splenius m. Innervation
Posterior rami of lower cervical nerves
34
Subscapularis m. Origin
Subscapular fossa of scapula
35
Subscapular m. Insertion.
Lesser tubercle of humerus
36
Subscapularis m. Action
Medially rotates and stabilizes arm at glenohumeral (shoulder) joint
37
Subscapularis m. Innervation
Upper and lower Subscapular nerves C5-C7
38
Supraspinatus m. Origin
Supraspinous fossa of scapula
39
Supraspinatus m. Insertion
Greater tubercle of humerus
40
Supraspinatus m. Action
Abducts and stabilizes arm at glenohumeral (shoulder) joint
41
Supraspinatus m. Innervation
Suprascapular nerve C5-C6
42
Teres major m. Origin
Posterior aspect of inferior angle of scapula
43
Teres major m. Insertion
Crest of lesser tubercle of humerus
44
Teres major m. Action
Adducts and medically rotates arm at glenohumeral (shoulder) joint
45
Teres major m. Innervation
Lower Subscapular nerve C5-C7
46
Teres minor m. Origin
Posterior aspect of superior half of lateral border of scapula
47
Teres minor m. Insertion
Greater tubercle of humerus
48
Teres minor m. Action
Laterally rotates, transversely abducts and stabilizes arm at glenohumeral (shoulder) joint
49
Teres minor m. Innervation
Axillary nerve C5-C6
50
Trapezius m. Origin
External occipital protuberance and superior nuchal line of occipital bone, nuchal ligament, spinous processes C7-T12
51
Trapezius m. Insertion
Posterior aspect of lateral one third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
52
Trapezius m. Action
Elevates, depresses, retracts, and upwardly rotates the pectoral (shoulder) girdle at acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints, extends and laterally flexes head and neck
53
Trapezius m. Innervation
Accessory nerve, anterior rami of third and fourth cervical nerves
54
Transversospinalis mm. Segments
Multifidus m., semispinalis m.
55
Multifidus m. Origin
Posterior superior iliac spine, dorsal surface of sacrum, mammillary processes of lumbar vertebrae, transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae, articular processes of C4-C7
56
Multifidus m. Insertion
Spinous processes of lumbar, thoracic, and cervical vertebra
57
Multifidus m. Action
Extends neck and trunk, stabilizes vertebral column
58
Multifidus m. Innervation
Medial branches of posterior rami of lumbar, thoracic and cervical nerves
59
Semispinalis m. Origin
Superior articular processes of C4-C7 and transverse processes of T1-T11
60
Semispinalis m. Insertion
Area located between superior and inferior nuchal lines of occipital bone and spinal processes of C2-T4 vertebrae
61
Semispinalis m. Action
Extends and rotates the head, neck, and trunk
62
Semispinalis m. Innervation
Greater occipitatal (C2) and third cervical nerves, medial branches of posterior rami of lower cervical and thoracic nerves
63
Triceps brachii m. Segments
Lateral head of triceps brachii m.
Long head of triceps brachii m.
Medial head of triceps brachii m.
64
Lateral head of triceps brachii m. Origin
Posterior surface of humerus, superior to radial groove
65
Lateral head of triceps brachii m. Insertion
Olecranon of ulna , and adjacent antebrachial fascia
66
Lateral head of triceps brachii m. Action
Extends forearm at elbow joint
67
Lateral head of triceps brachii m. Innervation
Radial nerve C6
68
Long head of triceps brachii m. Origin
Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
69
Long head of triceps brachii m. Insertion
Olecrenon of ulna, and adjacent antebrachial fascia
70
Long head of triceps brachii m. Action
Extends forearm at elbow joint
71
Long head of triceps brachii m. Innervation
Radial nerve C7
72
Medial head of triceps brachii m. Origin
Posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove,
73
Medial head of triceps brachii m. Insertion
Olecrenon of ulna and adjacent antebrachial fascia
74
Medial head of triceps brachii m. Action
Extends forearm at elbow joint
75
Medial head of triceps brachii m. Innervation
Radial nerve C8
76
Axillary n. Origin
Posterior cord of the brachial plexus
77
Axillary n. Course
Laterally through the guadrangular space and into the lateral arm
78
Axillary n. Branches
Superior lateral brachial cutaneous nerve and unnamed muscular branches
79
Axillary n.supply
Sensory and motor innervation. Supplied the skin of the lateral arm and motor Innervation to the deltoid and Teres minor muscles
80
Ventral anterior rami C1-C4
Contribute to formation of cervical plexus.
81
Dorsal scapular n. Origin
C5 root of the brachial plexus
82
Dorsal scapular n. Course
Inferiorly along the medial border of the scapula
83
Dorsal scapular n. Supply
Motor Innervation.supplies the levator scapulae, rhomboid minor and rhomboid major muscles
84
Greater occipital n. (C2 dorsal/ posterior ramus) origin
Posterior ramus of second cervical nerve
85
Greater occipital n. (C2 dorsal/ posterior ramus) course
Ascend over the surface of the obliquus capitis inferior muscles, deep to the semispinalis capitis
86
Greater occipital n. (C2 dorsal/ posterior ramus) branch
Posterior cutaneous branch
87
Greater occipital n. (C2 dorsal/ posterior ramus) supply
Motor Innervation to obliquus capitis inferior and semispinalis muscles. Sensory Innervation to scalp and dura matter in posterior cranial fossa.
88
Radial n. Origin
Posterior cord of the brachial plexus C5-T1
89
Radial n. Course
Descends over the posterior Axillary wall and passes through the lower triangular space to descend to the spinal radial groove. It pierces the lateral inter muscular septum to enter the anterior arm before reaching the cubical fossa.
90
Radial n. Branches
Muscular branches, posterior brachial cutaneous nerve, inferior lateral brachial cutaneous nerve, and two terminal branches (superficial and deep)
91
Radial n. Supply
Muscles of the posterior arm and forearm, as well as the skin of the posterior arm, forearm, and dorsum of hand
92
Accessory nerve (CN Xl) origin
Accessory nucleus of cervical spinal cord segments C1-C6
93
Accessory nerve (CN Xl) course
Ascend into the cranial vault through the foramen magnum, then exits the skull via the jugular foramen. It runs inferior and laterally to the deep surface of the sternocleidomastoid first, and then onto the deep surface of the trapezius.
94
Accessory nerve (CN Xl) branches
Muscular branches
95
Accessory nerve (CN Xl) supply
Motor Innervation of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
96
Suprascapular n. Origin
Superior trunk of the brachial plexus
97
Suprascapular n. Course
Laterally through the posterior triangle to the posterior scapular region
98
Suprascapular n. Supply
Sensory and motor Innervation. Sensory to the glenohumeral and acromioclavicular joints, motor to the Infraspinatus and Supraspinatus muscles
99
Thoracodorsal n. Origin
Posterior cord of the brachial plexus
100
Thoracodorsal n. Course
Inferior in the posterior Axilla towards the Latissimus dorsi muscle.
101
Thoracodorsal n. Supply
Motor Innervation. Supplies Latissimus dorsi muscle
102
Deep brachial a. (Profunda brachii a.) origin
Brachial a.
103
Deep brachial a. (Profunda brachii a.) course
Distally, posterior to the humerus
104
Deep brachial a. (Profunda brachii a.) branches
Deltoid , radial and middle collateral arteries
105
Deep brachial a. (Profunda brachii a.) supplied structures
Triceps brachii muscle, humerus , skin of the posterior compartment of the arm, elbow joint
106
Dorsal scapular a. (Deep branch of transverse cervical a.) origin
Subclavian artery
107
Dorsal scapular a. (Deep branch of transverse cervical a.) course
Laterally through the trunks of the brachial plexus to the superior angle of the scapula, where is descends along the medial aspect of the scapula
108
Dorsal scapular a. (Deep branch of transverse cervical a.) branches
Muscular, cutaneous, and anatostomotic branches
109
Dorsal scapular a. (Deep branch of transverse cervical a.) supplied structures
Rhomboid muscles, Latissimus dorsi muscles, and the ascending part of the trapezius muscle, skin overlying the ascending part of the trapezius muscle
110
Occipital a. Origin
External carotid artery
111
Occipital a. Course
Travels posterosuperiorly deep to the posterior belly of digastric muscles, passes between the mastoid process and the transverse process of the atlas and passes through the occipital groove of the temporal bone. Then ascends in the superficial fascia of the scalp
112
Occipital a. branches
Sternocleidomastoid, descending, auricular and mastoid branches
113
Occipital a. Supplied structures
Muscles of the neck, meninges, pinna of the ears, mastoid air cells
114
Posterior circumflex humeral a. Origin
Axillary artery (third part)
115
Posterior circumflex humeral a. Course
Posteriorly with the Axillary nerve through the quadrangular space to the posterior aspect of the humerus
116
Posterior circumflex humeral a. Branches
Anastomoses with the anterior circumflex humeral artery
117
Posterior circumflex humeral a. Supplied structures
Deltoid, Teres major and minor, long and lateral heads of the triceps brachii muscles , glenohumeral joint, cutaneous supply to the area posteriolateral to the proximal humerus
118
Suprascapular a. Origin
Thyrocervical trunk of the subclavian artery
119
Suprascapular a. Course
Laterally parallel to the clavicle, inferiorly across Suprascapular notch, and deep to the inferior scapular notch
120
Suprascapular a. Branches
Acromial, muscular, superasternal, and articular branches, anastomosis with the thoracoacromial and posterior circumflex scapular arteries
121
Suprascapular a. Supply structures
Sternocleidomastoid, Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus muscles, scapula and clavicle, acromioclavicular and glenohumeral joints, cutaneous supply to the superior thorax and shoulder region
122
Transverse cervical a. (Superficial branch of transverse cervical a.) origin
Thyocervical trunk
123
Transverse cervical a. (Superficial branch of transverse cervical a.) course
Superiolaterally through the posterior triangle of the neck and descends deep into the trapezius muscle
124
Transverse cervical a. (Superficial branch of transverse cervical a.) branches
Ascending and descending branches
125
Transverse cervical a. (Superficial branch of transverse cervical a.) supply structures
Trunks of brachial plexus, sternocleidomastoid, trapezius, levator scupulae, rhomboid muscles
126
Thoracodorsal a. Origin
Subscapular artery
127
Thoracodorsal a. Course
Along the lateral scapular border and pierces the Latissimus dorsi muscle with the Thoracodorsal nerve
128
Thoracodorsal a. Supplied structures
Latissimus dorsi, Teres major, and serratus anterior muscles, cutaneous supply to the region overlying the Latissimus dorsi muscle
129
Posterior inferior vertebral venous plexus origin
Posterior epidural space
130
Posterior inferior vertebral venous plexus course
Anterior to the vertebral arches of the vertebral canal
131
Posterior inferior vertebral venous plexus tributaries
Posterior external vertebral venous plexus
132
Posterior inferior vertebral venous plexus drainage
Vertebra, epidural space, spinal cord, and local tissue
133
Transverse cervical v. origin
Union of small vessels in the trapezius muscle
134
Transverse cervical v. course
Passes within the posterior triangle of the neck to enter the external jugular vein
135
Transverse cervical v. Drainage
Trapezius muscle
136
Denticulate ligaments
Thin sheets of collagen that extend laterally from the spinal pia mater. Extend out and form triangular shaped attachments to the overlying dura mater
137
Dural sac
Tough fibrous membrane that protects and encloses the spinal cord, arises from the foramen magnum, to which it is attached. Blends with the posterior aspects of the bodies of the second and third cervical vertebrae and to the posterior longitudinal ligament. Deep to the sac is the subdural space. Distally at the second level of sacral vertebrae, dura becomes the thin delicate filum terminal internal which becomes the filum terminal external (coccygeal ligament)
138
Epidural (extradural)space
Between the dura mater (membrane) and posterior longitudinal ligament anteriorly and posteriorly between the vertebral laminae and the ligamentous flavum. Contains fat, small blood vessels
139
Epidural fat
Located in epidural space, between vertebral canal and spinal cord. Commonly found in thoracic and limbo-sacral regions. Soft and protects spinal cord and dorsal-ventral rami. When it accumulates, it can impinge on the subarachnoid space and restrict nerve movement within the sac.
140
Spinal cord: cauda equina
Roots of the lumbar and sacral spinal nerves, which forms a bundle within the lowest part of the spinal column . Latin for horses tail. Contains nerve roots from L2 to Co1 (coccygeal - tail bone end)
141
Spinal cord: cervical enlargement
Corresponds to the arms, includes spinal segments C3-T2
142
Spinal cord: conus medullaris
Distal tapering end of the spinal cord, continuous with the epiconus L4-S1 segments superiorly consists of S2-S5 and the coccygeal segments
143
Spinal cord:Filum terminale internum
Superior portion that runs from the conus medullaris, inferiorly to the filum terminale externum. Forms majority of the length of the filum terminale and is generally the portion seen in cadaveric specimens. Composed of pia mater, silver to oblique appearance
144
Spinal cord: Filum terminale externum
Composed of pia mater and dura mater and is the terminal portion of the filum terminale. Pia mater merges with the overlying spinal dura. Starts with few cm of coccyx and terminates when the filum terminale externum attaches to the coccyx
145
Spinal cord: Lumbar enlargement
Mild increase in cross sectional area of the cord from the T11 level to the conus medullaris. Enlarged due to presence of the spinal nerve anterior rami which contribute to the lumbar and sacral plexuses.
146
Spinal meninges: arachnoid mater
Send fibers inward to the pia mater, middle of the three meninges. Separated from the dura mater by the subdural space, sperated from the pia mater and spinal cord by cerebrospinal fluid in the subarachnoid space. At the second sacral vertebrae, it fuses with the dura mater.
147
Spinal meninges: dura mater
Outermost layer . Thick membrane of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds brain and spinal cord
148
Spinal meninges: pia mater
Wrapped directly on the spinal cord invests within the ventral median fissure and dorsal sulci of the spinal cord. Very thin and largely transparent fibrous membrane . Extends laterally to form denticulate ligaments and inferiorly to form filum terminale below the inferior terminus of the spinal cord
149
Spinal nerves: anterior ramus
Innervation the limb muscles and the anterolateral trunk muscles. Carry fibers from skin that join mixed spinal nerves, pass along the dorsal root and synapse in the dorsal horn (or ascend directly to the brain stem)
150
Spinal nerves: anterior root
Carry stimuli away efferent nerve fibers from CNS toward their target structure. Cell bodies of anterior root neurons are located in the central grey matter of the spinal cord
151
Spinal nerves: dorsal root ganglia (spinal ganglion)
Carries sensory signals from PNS to the CNS, conveys information about external and internal sites of the body
152
Spinal nerves: posterior ramus (dorsal ramus)
Carries information that supplies muscles and sensation to the human back. Support epaxial muscles (muscles with the spine)
153
Spinal nerves: posterior root
Emerges from the spinal cord, travels to the dorsal root ganglion. Nerve fibers with the ventral root combine to form a spinal nerve . Contains afferent nerve fibers, which return sensory information from the trunk and limbs to the CNS
154
Subarachnoid space
Consists of cerebrospinal fluid, major blood vessels, and cisterns (large pockets of CSF created due to separation of arachnoid mater from pia mater). Is continuous with the intracranial subarachnoid space, communication through foramen magnum at the level of S2 vertebra
155
Ligamenta flava
Thickest in the Lumbar region, paired structures that adjoin the lamellae of adjacent vertebral foramina. Prevent hyperflexion. Relative elasticity prevents the ligaments from causing stenosis of the spinal canal during movement. Superficial and deep layers where the fibers in each layer travel to opposite directions
156
Anterior compartment of arm actions
Flex forearm at elbow joint
| Supinate forearm at radioulnar joints
157
Anterior compartment of arm muscles
Biceps brachii
Coracobrachialis
Brachialis
158
Posterior compartment of arm actions
Extend forearm at elbow joint
159
Posterior compartment of arm muscles
Triceps brachii
| Anconeus
160
Quadrangular space
Located along the posterolateral shoulder, serves as a passageway for the Axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex artery (phca)
161
Superior transverse scapular ligament
Attaches from the base of the corocoid process of the scapula to the medial border of the scapular notch into a foramen. This allows for the passage of the Suprascapular nerve (C5-C6) from the brachial plexus to supply the Infraspinatus muscle. Strengthens superior aspect of scapula
162
Thoracolumbar fascia structure
Lies on either side of the lumbar vertebrae and surrounds deep muscles of back and trunk. Network of collagen fibers, orientation relates to overall function of fascia. Most prominent at superior portion of lumbar region where it is divided into three layers
163
Thoracolumbar fascia anatomical relations
Continuous with the deep cervical fascia of the neck superiorly. Medially attached to the spinous process and supraspinous ligament. Laterally fuses with the aponeurosis of the transversus abdominis muscle and the transversalis fascia .
In lumbar region, there is the anterior, posterior, and middle segment.
164
Triangle of auscultation
Relative thinning of the musculature of the back, situated along the medial border of the scapula which allows for improved listening to the lungs. Contains the rhomboid major, serratus anterior, and erector spinae muscles.
165
Triangular interval
Border by the shaft of the humerus and medially by the lateral border of the long head of triceps brachii muscle. Contains the profunda brachii artery and the radial nerve
166
Clavicle location
Pectoral girdle
167
Clavicle bone type
Long bone
168
Clavicle articulates with
Manubrium of sternum and scapula
169
Anatomical neck of humerus
Short, constricted part of the bone that connects the head and body of humerus. Formed by a shallow groove, which encircles the head of the humerus. Separates the head from the greater and lesser tubercles and allows for attachment of the glenohumeral joint
170
Greater tubercle (tuberocity)
Large eminence of the lateral aspect of the proximal end of humerus. Located posterolateral to the lesser tubercle, separated by intertubercular sulcus. Anteromedially located crest allows for attached of:
- supraspinatus muscle on superior facet
- Infraspinatus muscle on middle facet
- Teres minor muscle in inferior facet
171
Head of humerus
Smooth proximal end of the bone, superomedial direction and slightly posteriorly. Covered with articular cartilage and articulates with glenoid fossa of the scapula, forming the glenohumeral joint
172
Intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove)
Longitudinal vertical depression on anterolateral aspect of proximal end of humerus. Between greater and lesser tubercle, between their crests. Converted to a canal by the transverse humeral ligament, contains the tendons of the biceps brachii muscle and the ascending branch of anterior circumflex humeral artery. Floor provides insertion site for Latissimus dorsi muscle
173
Lesser tubercle
Found in anterior aspect of proximal end of humerus. Projects anteriorly. Contains posterolateral crest, insertion site for :Subscapularis muscle, and transverse humeral ligament
174
Radial groove
Shallow, oblique depression found posteriorly on the humerus, travels in inferolateral direction. Is located between the origin sites of the medial and lateral heads of the triceps brachii muscle. Radial nerve and deep brachial a. pass through this groove
175
Shaft of humerus
Long tubular part of humerus
176
Surgical neck of humerus
Short constricted part found at the proximal end of the body of the humerus, distally to the lesser and greater tubercles. Weak area
177
Anterior superior iliac spine
Blunt process that marks the anterior end of the iliac crest. Subcutaneous and can be palpated at the lateral end of the inguinal fold
178
Iliac crest
Thickened superior border of the bone, looks like an s shape from above. Anterior portion concave inward, posterior portion convex inward. Has ventral and dorsal regions. Provides attachment sides for muscles of the abdominal, thigh and gluteal region
179
Posterior superior iliac spine
Marks the posterior end of the iliac crest. Cannot be palpated, small dimple mark often in the area. Attachment site for sacrotuberous and posterior sacroiliac ligaments
180
Acromion
Anterior projection from the lateral end of the spine of scapula . Continuous medially with the spine of scapula at the acromial angle and extends anteriorly over the glenohumeral joint.
Medial border contains clavicular facet provides insertion site for trapezius muscle
Lateral border subcutaneous and provides origin site for acromial region of deltoid muscle
Superior surface subcutaneous and rough
Inferior surface smooth and superior to glenohumeral joint, attachment site to coracoacromial ligament
181
Coracoid process
Thick curved anterior projection that extends from head and neck of scapula. Origin site for coracobrachialis and short head of biceps brachii muscles. insertion site for pectoralis minor muscle
182
Glenoid fossa (cavity)
Pear shaped, slightly concave, anterolaterally facing, articular area found on the lateral aspect of the head of the scapula. Articulates with head of humerus forming glenohumeral joint. Covered with fibrocartilagenous glenoid labrum, furthers concavity of fossa and increases stability of glenohumeral joint
183
Infraspinous fossa
Lower, slightly concave area on dorsal side of scapula. Inferior to spine of scapula, larger of the two fossae found on dorsal side. Contains nutrient foramen of the scapula and provides origin site for Infraspinatus muscle
184
Spine of scapula
Triangular plates that projects superiorly from the dorsal side of the scapula. Posterior border known as crest, lateral border contributes to formation of inferior scapular notch. Attachment and origin site for deltoid muscle, and insertion site for trapezius muscle
185
Supraglenoid tubercle
Small rough prominence found along the superior portion of the head of the scapula. Superior to glenoid fossa, and origin site for long head of biceps brachii muscle
186
Supraspinous fossa
Upper, deeply concave area on dorsal side of scapula. Superior to spine of scapula, provides origin site for supraspinatus muscle
187
Suprascapular notch
Indentation found along the lateral area of the superior edge of the scapula. Converted into the Suprascapular foramen by the superior transverse scapular ligament
188
External occipital protuberance
Palpable prominence found on external aspect of squamous part of occipital bone. Along midline where nuchal and occipital lines meet. Consists of the INION, craniometric point at the tip of external occipital protuberance. Crest extends inferiorly from protuberance, nuchal line extend laterally.
Origin site for descending part of trapezius muscle and attachment site for nuchal ligament.
More pronounced in males
189
Foramen magnum
Large oval opening along anteroinferior aspect of occipital bone
190
Mastoid process
Large blunt anteroinferior projection found along external surface of mastoid part of temporal bone. Posterior to acoustic meatus and posterolateral to styloid process. Origin site for posterior belly of digastric muscle. Insertion site for Splenius capitis, longissimus capitis, and sternocleidomastoid muscles
191
Cervical vertebrae: Atlas (C1) location
Vertebral column
192
Cervical vertebrae: Atlas (C1) bone type
Irregular bone
193
Cervical vertebrae: Atlas (C1) articulates with
Occipital bone and axis
194
Cervical vertebrae: Axis (C2) location
Vertebral column
195
Cervical vertebrae: Axis (C2) bone type
Irregular bone
196
Cervical vertebrae: Axis (C2) articulates with
Atlas and third cervical vertebra
197
Cervical vertebrae: Vertebra prominens (C7) location
Vertebral column
198
Cervical vertebrae: Vertebra prominens (C7) bone type
Irregular bone
199
Cervical vertebrae: Vertebra prominens (C7) articulates with
Sixth cervical and first thoracic vertebrae
200
Thoracic vertebrae
Between cervical and lumbar vertebrae. 12 vertebrae, become larger as you move inferiorly, necessary to support increase in body weight applied to successive vertebrae
201
Lumbar vertebrae
Between thoracic and sacrum vertebrae. 5 vertebrae , increase in size moving inferiorly
202
Sacrum
Between lumbar and coccygeal, 5 vertebrae. Located on vertebral column, irregular bone
203
Coccyx
Irregular bone that articulates with sacrum at sacrococcygeal joint
204
Vertebral features: Demifacets
Bilaterally paired and located on the superior and inferior posterolateral aspects of the vertebra. Superior demifacet of inferior vertebrae articulates with head of the same rib that articulates with inferior demifacet of the superior rib
205
Vertebral features: dens
Odontoid process; upward projectile of bone that arises from the front part of the center of the axis vertebra (C2). Superior projection from C2, conical in shape, and serves as attach,et for transverse, apical, and alar ligaments
206
Vertebral feature: inferior articular facet
Smooth flat anterolaterally facing articular areas on the inferior articular processes of the axis. Articulate with corresponding superior articulate facets of the third cervical vertebrae, forming zygapophyseal joints
207
Vertebral feature: intervertebral foramen
Opening between every two vertebrae where the nerve root exits the spine. Nerve roots travel through the foramen to reach the rest of the body.
208
Vertebrae feature: lamina
Roof of the spinal canal that provides support and protection for the backside of the spinal cord. Form posterior portion of vertebral arch. In upper lumbar, lamina are taller than wide. Connects spinous process to pedicles
209
Vertebrae feature: Pedicle
Each vertebra has two cylinder shaped projections of hard bone that stick out from the back part of the vertebral body, providing side protection for the spinal cord and nerves. Also serve as a bridge joining front and back parts of vertebra
210
Vertebrae feature: spinous process
Bony projection off of the posterior of each vertebra. Protrudes where the laminae of the voter rail arch join and provides the point of attachment for muscles and ligaments of the spine
211
Vertebrae feature: superior articular facet
Faces upward and works like a hinge with the inferior articular facet. Aligned to allow flexion and extension, and to limit rotation
212
Vertebrae feature: transverse costal facet
Surface that articulates with the tubercle of the rib with the same number for the first ten thoracic vertebrae
213
Vertebrae feature: transverse foramen
Opening that is occupied by the vertebral artery and vein in the first six vertebrae and only the vertebral vein in the seventh. Found lateral to the vertebral body, only in cervical vertebrae
214
Vertebrae feature: transverse process
Small body projection off the right and left side of each vertebrae. Function as the site of attachment for muscles and ligaments of the spine and point of articulation of the ribs
215
Vertebrae feature: vertebral arch
Circle of bone around the canal through which the spinal cord passes
216
Vertebral feature: vertebral body
One vertebrae, 33 stacked vertebrae
217
Vertebral feature: vertebral foramen
Opening in a vertebra formed by a neural arch and back portion of a vertebral body and through which the spinal cord passes
218
Vertebral feature: vertebral canal
Contains the spinal cord within the vertebral column
