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Fall 2022 > Anatomy Lab Week 1 > Flashcards

Anatomy Lab Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Deltoid m. Origin

A

Lateral 1/3 scapula, acromion, spine of scapula

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2
Q

Deltoid m. Insertion

A

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

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3
Q

Deltoid m. Action

A

Abducts, flexes, extends, medially and laterally rotates arm at glenohumeral (shoulder) joint

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4
Q

Deltoid m. Innervation

A

Axillary nerve C5-C6

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5
Q

Erector spinae mm. Origin

A

Iliac crest, sacrum, transverse and spinous process of vertebrae, Supra spinal ligament

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6
Q

Erector spinae mm. Insertion

A

Angles of ribs, transverse and spinous process of vertebrae, posterior aspect of skull

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7
Q

Erector spinae mm. Action

A

Extends, laterally bends the trunk, neck, and head

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8
Q

Erector spinae mm. Segments

A

Medial to lateral: spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis

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9
Q

Erector spinae mm. Innervation

A

Segmentally Innervation by dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C1-C5

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10
Q

Infraspinatus m. Origin

A

Infraspinatus fascia

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11
Q

Infraspinatus m. Insertion

A

Greater tubercle of humerus (middle)

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12
Q

Infraspinatus m. Action

A

Laterally rotates arm

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13
Q

Infraspinatus m. Innervation

A

Suprascapular nerve

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14
Q

Latissimus dorsi m. Origin

A

Spinous process T7-T12, L1-L5 via thoracolumbar fascia, 9th-12th ribs, iliac crest

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15
Q

Latissimus dorsi m. Insertion

A

Floor of inter tubercle suculus of humerus

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16
Q

Latissimus dorsi m. Action

A

Adducts, medially rotates and extends arm at glenohumeral (shoulder) joint

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17
Q

Latissimus dorsi m. Innervation

A

Thoracodorsal nerve C6-C8

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18
Q

Levator scapulae m. Origin

A

Transverse processes of C1-C2, posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C3- C4

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19
Q

Levator scapulae m. Insertion

A

Superior angle of scapula, medial border of scapula superior to spine of scapula

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20
Q

Levator scapulae m. Action

A

Elevates and downwardly rotates pectoral (shoulder) girdle at acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints, extends and laterally flexes neck and cervical vertebral joints

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21
Q

Levator scapulae m. Innveration

A

Anterior rami of third and fourth cervical nerves, dorsal scapular nerve C5

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22
Q

Rhomboid minor m. Origin

A

Nuchal ligament and spinous process of C7-T1

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23
Q

Rhomboid minor m. Insertion

A

Medial border of scapula adjacent to spine of scapula

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24
Q

Rhomboid minor m. Action

A

Retracts and downwardly rotates pectoral(shoulder) girdle at acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints

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25
Q

Rhomboid minor m. Innervation

A

Dorsal scapular nerve C4-C5

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26
Q

Rhomboid major m. Origin

A

Spinous process of T2-T5

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27
Q

Rhomboid major m. Insertion

A

Medial border of scapula inferior to spine of scapula

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28
Q

Rhomboid major m. Action

A

Retracts and downwardly rotates pectoral (shoulder) girdle at acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints

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29
Q

Rhomboid major m. Innervation

A

Dorsal scapular nerve C4-C5

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30
Q

Splenius m. Origin

A

Spinous processes of T3-T6

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31
Q

Splenius m. Insertion

A

Transverse processes of C1-C3

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32
Q

Splenius m. Action

A

Extends, rotates and laterally flexes the neck and cervical vertebrae joints

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33
Q

Splenius m. Innervation

A

Posterior rami of lower cervical nerves

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34
Q

Subscapularis m. Origin

A

Subscapular fossa of scapula

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35
Q

Subscapular m. Insertion.

A

Lesser tubercle of humerus

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36
Q

Subscapularis m. Action

A

Medially rotates and stabilizes arm at glenohumeral (shoulder) joint

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37
Q

Subscapularis m. Innervation

A

Upper and lower Subscapular nerves C5-C7

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38
Q

Supraspinatus m. Origin

A

Supraspinous fossa of scapula

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39
Q

Supraspinatus m. Insertion

A

Greater tubercle of humerus

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40
Q

Supraspinatus m. Action

A

Abducts and stabilizes arm at glenohumeral (shoulder) joint

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41
Q

Supraspinatus m. Innervation

A

Suprascapular nerve C5-C6

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42
Q

Teres major m. Origin

A

Posterior aspect of inferior angle of scapula

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43
Q

Teres major m. Insertion

A

Crest of lesser tubercle of humerus

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44
Q

Teres major m. Action

A

Adducts and medically rotates arm at glenohumeral (shoulder) joint

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45
Q

Teres major m. Innervation

A

Lower Subscapular nerve C5-C7

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46
Q

Teres minor m. Origin

A

Posterior aspect of superior half of lateral border of scapula

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47
Q

Teres minor m. Insertion

A

Greater tubercle of humerus

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48
Q

Teres minor m. Action

A

Laterally rotates, transversely abducts and stabilizes arm at glenohumeral (shoulder) joint

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49
Q

Teres minor m. Innervation

A

Axillary nerve C5-C6

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50
Q

Trapezius m. Origin

A

External occipital protuberance and superior nuchal line of occipital bone, nuchal ligament, spinous processes C7-T12

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51
Q

Trapezius m. Insertion

A

Posterior aspect of lateral one third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula

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52
Q

Trapezius m. Action

A

Elevates, depresses, retracts, and upwardly rotates the pectoral (shoulder) girdle at acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints, extends and laterally flexes head and neck

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53
Q

Trapezius m. Innervation

A

Accessory nerve, anterior rami of third and fourth cervical nerves

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54
Q

Transversospinalis mm. Segments

A

Multifidus m., semispinalis m.

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55
Q

Multifidus m. Origin

A

Posterior superior iliac spine, dorsal surface of sacrum, mammillary processes of lumbar vertebrae, transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae, articular processes of C4-C7

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56
Q

Multifidus m. Insertion

A

Spinous processes of lumbar, thoracic, and cervical vertebra

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57
Q

Multifidus m. Action

A

Extends neck and trunk, stabilizes vertebral column

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58
Q

Multifidus m. Innervation

A

Medial branches of posterior rami of lumbar, thoracic and cervical nerves

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59
Q

Semispinalis m. Origin

A

Superior articular processes of C4-C7 and transverse processes of T1-T11

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60
Q

Semispinalis m. Insertion

A

Area located between superior and inferior nuchal lines of occipital bone and spinal processes of C2-T4 vertebrae

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61
Q

Semispinalis m. Action

A

Extends and rotates the head, neck, and trunk

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62
Q

Semispinalis m. Innervation

A

Greater occipitatal (C2) and third cervical nerves, medial branches of posterior rami of lower cervical and thoracic nerves

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63
Q

Triceps brachii m. Segments

A

Lateral head of triceps brachii m.
Long head of triceps brachii m.
Medial head of triceps brachii m.

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64
Q

Lateral head of triceps brachii m. Origin

A

Posterior surface of humerus, superior to radial groove

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65
Q

Lateral head of triceps brachii m. Insertion

A

Olecranon of ulna , and adjacent antebrachial fascia

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66
Q

Lateral head of triceps brachii m. Action

A

Extends forearm at elbow joint

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67
Q

Lateral head of triceps brachii m. Innervation

A

Radial nerve C6

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68
Q

Long head of triceps brachii m. Origin

A

Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

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69
Q

Long head of triceps brachii m. Insertion

A

Olecrenon of ulna, and adjacent antebrachial fascia

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70
Q

Long head of triceps brachii m. Action

A

Extends forearm at elbow joint

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71
Q

Long head of triceps brachii m. Innervation

A

Radial nerve C7

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72
Q

Medial head of triceps brachii m. Origin

A

Posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove,

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73
Q

Medial head of triceps brachii m. Insertion

A

Olecrenon of ulna and adjacent antebrachial fascia

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74
Q

Medial head of triceps brachii m. Action

A

Extends forearm at elbow joint

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75
Q

Medial head of triceps brachii m. Innervation

A

Radial nerve C8

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76
Q

Axillary n. Origin

A

Posterior cord of the brachial plexus

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77
Q

Axillary n. Course

A

Laterally through the guadrangular space and into the lateral arm

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78
Q

Axillary n. Branches

A

Superior lateral brachial cutaneous nerve and unnamed muscular branches

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79
Q

Axillary n.supply

A

Sensory and motor innervation. Supplied the skin of the lateral arm and motor Innervation to the deltoid and Teres minor muscles

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80
Q

Ventral anterior rami C1-C4

A

Contribute to formation of cervical plexus.

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81
Q

Dorsal scapular n. Origin

A

C5 root of the brachial plexus

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82
Q

Dorsal scapular n. Course

A

Inferiorly along the medial border of the scapula

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83
Q

Dorsal scapular n. Supply

A

Motor Innervation.supplies the levator scapulae, rhomboid minor and rhomboid major muscles

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84
Q

Greater occipital n. (C2 dorsal/ posterior ramus) origin

A

Posterior ramus of second cervical nerve

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85
Q

Greater occipital n. (C2 dorsal/ posterior ramus) course

A

Ascend over the surface of the obliquus capitis inferior muscles, deep to the semispinalis capitis

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86
Q

Greater occipital n. (C2 dorsal/ posterior ramus) branch

A

Posterior cutaneous branch

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87
Q

Greater occipital n. (C2 dorsal/ posterior ramus) supply

A

Motor Innervation to obliquus capitis inferior and semispinalis muscles. Sensory Innervation to scalp and dura matter in posterior cranial fossa.

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88
Q

Radial n. Origin

A

Posterior cord of the brachial plexus C5-T1

89
Q

Radial n. Course

A

Descends over the posterior Axillary wall and passes through the lower triangular space to descend to the spinal radial groove. It pierces the lateral inter muscular septum to enter the anterior arm before reaching the cubical fossa.

90
Q

Radial n. Branches

A

Muscular branches, posterior brachial cutaneous nerve, inferior lateral brachial cutaneous nerve, and two terminal branches (superficial and deep)

91
Q

Radial n. Supply

A

Muscles of the posterior arm and forearm, as well as the skin of the posterior arm, forearm, and dorsum of hand

92
Q

Accessory nerve (CN Xl) origin

A

Accessory nucleus of cervical spinal cord segments C1-C6

93
Q

Accessory nerve (CN Xl) course

A

Ascend into the cranial vault through the foramen magnum, then exits the skull via the jugular foramen. It runs inferior and laterally to the deep surface of the sternocleidomastoid first, and then onto the deep surface of the trapezius.

94
Q

Accessory nerve (CN Xl) branches

A

Muscular branches

95
Q

Accessory nerve (CN Xl) supply

A

Motor Innervation of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles

96
Q

Suprascapular n. Origin

A

Superior trunk of the brachial plexus

97
Q

Suprascapular n. Course

A

Laterally through the posterior triangle to the posterior scapular region

98
Q

Suprascapular n. Supply

A

Sensory and motor Innervation. Sensory to the glenohumeral and acromioclavicular joints, motor to the Infraspinatus and Supraspinatus muscles

99
Q

Thoracodorsal n. Origin

A

Posterior cord of the brachial plexus

100
Q

Thoracodorsal n. Course

A

Inferior in the posterior Axilla towards the Latissimus dorsi muscle.

101
Q

Thoracodorsal n. Supply

A

Motor Innervation. Supplies Latissimus dorsi muscle

102
Q

Deep brachial a. (Profunda brachii a.) origin

A

Brachial a.

103
Q

Deep brachial a. (Profunda brachii a.) course

A

Distally, posterior to the humerus

104
Q

Deep brachial a. (Profunda brachii a.) branches

A

Deltoid , radial and middle collateral arteries

105
Q

Deep brachial a. (Profunda brachii a.) supplied structures

A

Triceps brachii muscle, humerus , skin of the posterior compartment of the arm, elbow joint

106
Q

Dorsal scapular a. (Deep branch of transverse cervical a.) origin

A

Subclavian artery

107
Q

Dorsal scapular a. (Deep branch of transverse cervical a.) course

A

Laterally through the trunks of the brachial plexus to the superior angle of the scapula, where is descends along the medial aspect of the scapula

108
Q

Dorsal scapular a. (Deep branch of transverse cervical a.) branches

A

Muscular, cutaneous, and anatostomotic branches

109
Q

Dorsal scapular a. (Deep branch of transverse cervical a.) supplied structures

A

Rhomboid muscles, Latissimus dorsi muscles, and the ascending part of the trapezius muscle, skin overlying the ascending part of the trapezius muscle

110
Q

Occipital a. Origin

A

External carotid artery

111
Q

Occipital a. Course

A

Travels posterosuperiorly deep to the posterior belly of digastric muscles, passes between the mastoid process and the transverse process of the atlas and passes through the occipital groove of the temporal bone. Then ascends in the superficial fascia of the scalp

112
Q

Occipital a. branches

A

Sternocleidomastoid, descending, auricular and mastoid branches

113
Q

Occipital a. Supplied structures

A

Muscles of the neck, meninges, pinna of the ears, mastoid air cells

114
Q

Posterior circumflex humeral a. Origin

A

Axillary artery (third part)

115
Q

Posterior circumflex humeral a. Course

A

Posteriorly with the Axillary nerve through the quadrangular space to the posterior aspect of the humerus

116
Q

Posterior circumflex humeral a. Branches

A

Anastomoses with the anterior circumflex humeral artery

117
Q

Posterior circumflex humeral a. Supplied structures

A

Deltoid, Teres major and minor, long and lateral heads of the triceps brachii muscles , glenohumeral joint, cutaneous supply to the area posteriolateral to the proximal humerus

118
Q

Suprascapular a. Origin

A

Thyrocervical trunk of the subclavian artery

119
Q

Suprascapular a. Course

A

Laterally parallel to the clavicle, inferiorly across Suprascapular notch, and deep to the inferior scapular notch

120
Q

Suprascapular a. Branches

A

Acromial, muscular, superasternal, and articular branches, anastomosis with the thoracoacromial and posterior circumflex scapular arteries

121
Q

Suprascapular a. Supply structures

A

Sternocleidomastoid, Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus muscles, scapula and clavicle, acromioclavicular and glenohumeral joints, cutaneous supply to the superior thorax and shoulder region

122
Q

Transverse cervical a. (Superficial branch of transverse cervical a.) origin

A

Thyocervical trunk

123
Q

Transverse cervical a. (Superficial branch of transverse cervical a.) course

A

Superiolaterally through the posterior triangle of the neck and descends deep into the trapezius muscle

124
Q

Transverse cervical a. (Superficial branch of transverse cervical a.) branches

A

Ascending and descending branches

125
Q

Transverse cervical a. (Superficial branch of transverse cervical a.) supply structures

A

Trunks of brachial plexus, sternocleidomastoid, trapezius, levator scupulae, rhomboid muscles

126
Q

Thoracodorsal a. Origin

A

Subscapular artery

127
Q

Thoracodorsal a. Course

A

Along the lateral scapular border and pierces the Latissimus dorsi muscle with the Thoracodorsal nerve

128
Q

Thoracodorsal a. Supplied structures

A

Latissimus dorsi, Teres major, and serratus anterior muscles, cutaneous supply to the region overlying the Latissimus dorsi muscle

129
Q

Posterior inferior vertebral venous plexus origin

A

Posterior epidural space

130
Q

Posterior inferior vertebral venous plexus course

A

Anterior to the vertebral arches of the vertebral canal

131
Q

Posterior inferior vertebral venous plexus tributaries

A

Posterior external vertebral venous plexus

132
Q

Posterior inferior vertebral venous plexus drainage

A

Vertebra, epidural space, spinal cord, and local tissue

133
Q

Transverse cervical v. origin

A

Union of small vessels in the trapezius muscle

134
Q

Transverse cervical v. course

A

Passes within the posterior triangle of the neck to enter the external jugular vein

135
Q

Transverse cervical v. Drainage

A

Trapezius muscle

136
Q

Denticulate ligaments

A

Thin sheets of collagen that extend laterally from the spinal pia mater. Extend out and form triangular shaped attachments to the overlying dura mater

137
Q

Dural sac

A

Tough fibrous membrane that protects and encloses the spinal cord, arises from the foramen magnum, to which it is attached. Blends with the posterior aspects of the bodies of the second and third cervical vertebrae and to the posterior longitudinal ligament. Deep to the sac is the subdural space. Distally at the second level of sacral vertebrae, dura becomes the thin delicate filum terminal internal which becomes the filum terminal external (coccygeal ligament)

138
Q

Epidural (extradural)space

A

Between the dura mater (membrane) and posterior longitudinal ligament anteriorly and posteriorly between the vertebral laminae and the ligamentous flavum. Contains fat, small blood vessels

139
Q

Epidural fat

A

Located in epidural space, between vertebral canal and spinal cord. Commonly found in thoracic and limbo-sacral regions. Soft and protects spinal cord and dorsal-ventral rami. When it accumulates, it can impinge on the subarachnoid space and restrict nerve movement within the sac.

140
Q

Spinal cord: cauda equina

A

Roots of the lumbar and sacral spinal nerves, which forms a bundle within the lowest part of the spinal column . Latin for horses tail. Contains nerve roots from L2 to Co1 (coccygeal - tail bone end)

141
Q

Spinal cord: cervical enlargement

A

Corresponds to the arms, includes spinal segments C3-T2

142
Q

Spinal cord: conus medullaris

A

Distal tapering end of the spinal cord, continuous with the epiconus L4-S1 segments superiorly consists of S2-S5 and the coccygeal segments

143
Q

Spinal cord:Filum terminale internum

A

Superior portion that runs from the conus medullaris, inferiorly to the filum terminale externum. Forms majority of the length of the filum terminale and is generally the portion seen in cadaveric specimens. Composed of pia mater, silver to oblique appearance

144
Q

Spinal cord: Filum terminale externum

A

Composed of pia mater and dura mater and is the terminal portion of the filum terminale. Pia mater merges with the overlying spinal dura. Starts with few cm of coccyx and terminates when the filum terminale externum attaches to the coccyx

145
Q

Spinal cord: Lumbar enlargement

A

Mild increase in cross sectional area of the cord from the T11 level to the conus medullaris. Enlarged due to presence of the spinal nerve anterior rami which contribute to the lumbar and sacral plexuses.

146
Q

Spinal meninges: arachnoid mater

A

Send fibers inward to the pia mater, middle of the three meninges. Separated from the dura mater by the subdural space, sperated from the pia mater and spinal cord by cerebrospinal fluid in the subarachnoid space. At the second sacral vertebrae, it fuses with the dura mater.

147
Q

Spinal meninges: dura mater

A

Outermost layer . Thick membrane of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds brain and spinal cord

148
Q

Spinal meninges: pia mater

A

Wrapped directly on the spinal cord invests within the ventral median fissure and dorsal sulci of the spinal cord. Very thin and largely transparent fibrous membrane . Extends laterally to form denticulate ligaments and inferiorly to form filum terminale below the inferior terminus of the spinal cord

149
Q

Spinal nerves: anterior ramus

A

Innervation the limb muscles and the anterolateral trunk muscles. Carry fibers from skin that join mixed spinal nerves, pass along the dorsal root and synapse in the dorsal horn (or ascend directly to the brain stem)

150
Q

Spinal nerves: anterior root

A

Carry stimuli away efferent nerve fibers from CNS toward their target structure. Cell bodies of anterior root neurons are located in the central grey matter of the spinal cord

151
Q

Spinal nerves: dorsal root ganglia (spinal ganglion)

A

Carries sensory signals from PNS to the CNS, conveys information about external and internal sites of the body

152
Q

Spinal nerves: posterior ramus (dorsal ramus)

A

Carries information that supplies muscles and sensation to the human back. Support epaxial muscles (muscles with the spine)

153
Q

Spinal nerves: posterior root

A

Emerges from the spinal cord, travels to the dorsal root ganglion. Nerve fibers with the ventral root combine to form a spinal nerve . Contains afferent nerve fibers, which return sensory information from the trunk and limbs to the CNS

154
Q

Subarachnoid space

A

Consists of cerebrospinal fluid, major blood vessels, and cisterns (large pockets of CSF created due to separation of arachnoid mater from pia mater). Is continuous with the intracranial subarachnoid space, communication through foramen magnum at the level of S2 vertebra

155
Q

Ligamenta flava

A

Thickest in the Lumbar region, paired structures that adjoin the lamellae of adjacent vertebral foramina. Prevent hyperflexion. Relative elasticity prevents the ligaments from causing stenosis of the spinal canal during movement. Superficial and deep layers where the fibers in each layer travel to opposite directions

156
Q

Anterior compartment of arm actions

A

Flex forearm at elbow joint

Supinate forearm at radioulnar joints

157
Q

Anterior compartment of arm muscles

A

Biceps brachii
Coracobrachialis
Brachialis

158
Q

Posterior compartment of arm actions

A

Extend forearm at elbow joint

159
Q

Posterior compartment of arm muscles

A

Triceps brachii

Anconeus

160
Q

Quadrangular space

A

Located along the posterolateral shoulder, serves as a passageway for the Axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex artery (phca)

161
Q

Superior transverse scapular ligament

A

Attaches from the base of the corocoid process of the scapula to the medial border of the scapular notch into a foramen. This allows for the passage of the Suprascapular nerve (C5-C6) from the brachial plexus to supply the Infraspinatus muscle. Strengthens superior aspect of scapula

162
Q

Thoracolumbar fascia structure

A

Lies on either side of the lumbar vertebrae and surrounds deep muscles of back and trunk. Network of collagen fibers, orientation relates to overall function of fascia. Most prominent at superior portion of lumbar region where it is divided into three layers

163
Q

Thoracolumbar fascia anatomical relations

A

Continuous with the deep cervical fascia of the neck superiorly. Medially attached to the spinous process and supraspinous ligament. Laterally fuses with the aponeurosis of the transversus abdominis muscle and the transversalis fascia .
In lumbar region, there is the anterior, posterior, and middle segment.

164
Q

Triangle of auscultation

A

Relative thinning of the musculature of the back, situated along the medial border of the scapula which allows for improved listening to the lungs. Contains the rhomboid major, serratus anterior, and erector spinae muscles.

165
Q

Triangular interval

A

Border by the shaft of the humerus and medially by the lateral border of the long head of triceps brachii muscle. Contains the profunda brachii artery and the radial nerve

166
Q

Clavicle location

A

Pectoral girdle

167
Q

Clavicle bone type

A

Long bone

168
Q

Clavicle articulates with

A

Manubrium of sternum and scapula

169
Q

Anatomical neck of humerus

A

Short, constricted part of the bone that connects the head and body of humerus. Formed by a shallow groove, which encircles the head of the humerus. Separates the head from the greater and lesser tubercles and allows for attachment of the glenohumeral joint

170
Q

Greater tubercle (tuberocity)

A

Large eminence of the lateral aspect of the proximal end of humerus. Located posterolateral to the lesser tubercle, separated by intertubercular sulcus. Anteromedially located crest allows for attached of:

  • supraspinatus muscle on superior facet
  • Infraspinatus muscle on middle facet
  • Teres minor muscle in inferior facet
171
Q

Head of humerus

A

Smooth proximal end of the bone, superomedial direction and slightly posteriorly. Covered with articular cartilage and articulates with glenoid fossa of the scapula, forming the glenohumeral joint

172
Q

Intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove)

A

Longitudinal vertical depression on anterolateral aspect of proximal end of humerus. Between greater and lesser tubercle, between their crests. Converted to a canal by the transverse humeral ligament, contains the tendons of the biceps brachii muscle and the ascending branch of anterior circumflex humeral artery. Floor provides insertion site for Latissimus dorsi muscle

173
Q

Lesser tubercle

A

Found in anterior aspect of proximal end of humerus. Projects anteriorly. Contains posterolateral crest, insertion site for :Subscapularis muscle, and transverse humeral ligament

174
Q

Radial groove

A

Shallow, oblique depression found posteriorly on the humerus, travels in inferolateral direction. Is located between the origin sites of the medial and lateral heads of the triceps brachii muscle. Radial nerve and deep brachial a. pass through this groove

175
Q

Shaft of humerus

A

Long tubular part of humerus

176
Q

Surgical neck of humerus

A

Short constricted part found at the proximal end of the body of the humerus, distally to the lesser and greater tubercles. Weak area

177
Q

Anterior superior iliac spine

A

Blunt process that marks the anterior end of the iliac crest. Subcutaneous and can be palpated at the lateral end of the inguinal fold

178
Q

Iliac crest

A

Thickened superior border of the bone, looks like an s shape from above. Anterior portion concave inward, posterior portion convex inward. Has ventral and dorsal regions. Provides attachment sides for muscles of the abdominal, thigh and gluteal region

179
Q

Posterior superior iliac spine

A

Marks the posterior end of the iliac crest. Cannot be palpated, small dimple mark often in the area. Attachment site for sacrotuberous and posterior sacroiliac ligaments

180
Q

Acromion

A

Anterior projection from the lateral end of the spine of scapula . Continuous medially with the spine of scapula at the acromial angle and extends anteriorly over the glenohumeral joint.
Medial border contains clavicular facet provides insertion site for trapezius muscle
Lateral border subcutaneous and provides origin site for acromial region of deltoid muscle
Superior surface subcutaneous and rough
Inferior surface smooth and superior to glenohumeral joint, attachment site to coracoacromial ligament

181
Q

Coracoid process

A

Thick curved anterior projection that extends from head and neck of scapula. Origin site for coracobrachialis and short head of biceps brachii muscles. insertion site for pectoralis minor muscle

182
Q

Glenoid fossa (cavity)

A

Pear shaped, slightly concave, anterolaterally facing, articular area found on the lateral aspect of the head of the scapula. Articulates with head of humerus forming glenohumeral joint. Covered with fibrocartilagenous glenoid labrum, furthers concavity of fossa and increases stability of glenohumeral joint

183
Q

Infraspinous fossa

A

Lower, slightly concave area on dorsal side of scapula. Inferior to spine of scapula, larger of the two fossae found on dorsal side. Contains nutrient foramen of the scapula and provides origin site for Infraspinatus muscle

184
Q

Spine of scapula

A

Triangular plates that projects superiorly from the dorsal side of the scapula. Posterior border known as crest, lateral border contributes to formation of inferior scapular notch. Attachment and origin site for deltoid muscle, and insertion site for trapezius muscle

185
Q

Supraglenoid tubercle

A

Small rough prominence found along the superior portion of the head of the scapula. Superior to glenoid fossa, and origin site for long head of biceps brachii muscle

186
Q

Supraspinous fossa

A

Upper, deeply concave area on dorsal side of scapula. Superior to spine of scapula, provides origin site for supraspinatus muscle

187
Q

Suprascapular notch

A

Indentation found along the lateral area of the superior edge of the scapula. Converted into the Suprascapular foramen by the superior transverse scapular ligament

188
Q

External occipital protuberance

A

Palpable prominence found on external aspect of squamous part of occipital bone. Along midline where nuchal and occipital lines meet. Consists of the INION, craniometric point at the tip of external occipital protuberance. Crest extends inferiorly from protuberance, nuchal line extend laterally.
Origin site for descending part of trapezius muscle and attachment site for nuchal ligament.
More pronounced in males

189
Q

Foramen magnum

A

Large oval opening along anteroinferior aspect of occipital bone

190
Q

Mastoid process

A

Large blunt anteroinferior projection found along external surface of mastoid part of temporal bone. Posterior to acoustic meatus and posterolateral to styloid process. Origin site for posterior belly of digastric muscle. Insertion site for Splenius capitis, longissimus capitis, and sternocleidomastoid muscles

191
Q

Cervical vertebrae: Atlas (C1) location

A

Vertebral column

192
Q

Cervical vertebrae: Atlas (C1) bone type

A

Irregular bone

193
Q

Cervical vertebrae: Atlas (C1) articulates with

A

Occipital bone and axis

194
Q

Cervical vertebrae: Axis (C2) location

A

Vertebral column

195
Q

Cervical vertebrae: Axis (C2) bone type

A

Irregular bone

196
Q

Cervical vertebrae: Axis (C2) articulates with

A

Atlas and third cervical vertebra

197
Q

Cervical vertebrae: Vertebra prominens (C7) location

A

Vertebral column

198
Q

Cervical vertebrae: Vertebra prominens (C7) bone type

A

Irregular bone

199
Q

Cervical vertebrae: Vertebra prominens (C7) articulates with

A

Sixth cervical and first thoracic vertebrae

200
Q

Thoracic vertebrae

A

Between cervical and lumbar vertebrae. 12 vertebrae, become larger as you move inferiorly, necessary to support increase in body weight applied to successive vertebrae

201
Q

Lumbar vertebrae

A

Between thoracic and sacrum vertebrae. 5 vertebrae , increase in size moving inferiorly

202
Q

Sacrum

A

Between lumbar and coccygeal, 5 vertebrae. Located on vertebral column, irregular bone

203
Q

Coccyx

A

Irregular bone that articulates with sacrum at sacrococcygeal joint

204
Q

Vertebral features: Demifacets

A

Bilaterally paired and located on the superior and inferior posterolateral aspects of the vertebra. Superior demifacet of inferior vertebrae articulates with head of the same rib that articulates with inferior demifacet of the superior rib

205
Q

Vertebral features: dens

A

Odontoid process; upward projectile of bone that arises from the front part of the center of the axis vertebra (C2). Superior projection from C2, conical in shape, and serves as attach,et for transverse, apical, and alar ligaments

206
Q

Vertebral feature: inferior articular facet

A

Smooth flat anterolaterally facing articular areas on the inferior articular processes of the axis. Articulate with corresponding superior articulate facets of the third cervical vertebrae, forming zygapophyseal joints

207
Q

Vertebral feature: intervertebral foramen

A

Opening between every two vertebrae where the nerve root exits the spine. Nerve roots travel through the foramen to reach the rest of the body.

208
Q

Vertebrae feature: lamina

A

Roof of the spinal canal that provides support and protection for the backside of the spinal cord. Form posterior portion of vertebral arch. In upper lumbar, lamina are taller than wide. Connects spinous process to pedicles

209
Q

Vertebrae feature: Pedicle

A

Each vertebra has two cylinder shaped projections of hard bone that stick out from the back part of the vertebral body, providing side protection for the spinal cord and nerves. Also serve as a bridge joining front and back parts of vertebra

210
Q

Vertebrae feature: spinous process

A

Bony projection off of the posterior of each vertebra. Protrudes where the laminae of the voter rail arch join and provides the point of attachment for muscles and ligaments of the spine

211
Q

Vertebrae feature: superior articular facet

A

Faces upward and works like a hinge with the inferior articular facet. Aligned to allow flexion and extension, and to limit rotation

212
Q

Vertebrae feature: transverse costal facet

A

Surface that articulates with the tubercle of the rib with the same number for the first ten thoracic vertebrae

213
Q

Vertebrae feature: transverse foramen

A

Opening that is occupied by the vertebral artery and vein in the first six vertebrae and only the vertebral vein in the seventh. Found lateral to the vertebral body, only in cervical vertebrae

214
Q

Vertebrae feature: transverse process

A

Small body projection off the right and left side of each vertebrae. Function as the site of attachment for muscles and ligaments of the spine and point of articulation of the ribs

215
Q

Vertebrae feature: vertebral arch

A

Circle of bone around the canal through which the spinal cord passes

216
Q

Vertebral feature: vertebral body

A

One vertebrae, 33 stacked vertebrae

217
Q

Vertebral feature: vertebral foramen

A

Opening in a vertebra formed by a neural arch and back portion of a vertebral body and through which the spinal cord passes

218
Q

Vertebral feature: vertebral canal

A

Contains the spinal cord within the vertebral column

Fall 2022 (15 decks)

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