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Pretest 2 > Clinical Microscopy > Flashcards

Clinical Microscopy Flashcards

1
Q

Seen under LPF

A

Casts, Squamous epithelial cells, Mucus, Abnormal crystals

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2
Q

Seen under HPF

A

RBCs, WBCs, Transitional epithelial cells, RTE cells, Oval fat bodies, Bacteria, yeasts, Trichomonas, Normal crystals

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3
Q

Degree of hazard for NO or minimal hazard

A

0

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4
Q

Degree of hazard for slight hazard

A

1

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5
Q

Degree of hazard for moderate hazard

A

2

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6
Q

Degree of hazard for serious hazard

A

3

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7
Q

Degree of hazard for extreme hazard

A

4

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8
Q

Used to disinfect hands that are not visibly soiled

A

Alcohol based handrub

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9
Q

Hands visibly soiled

A

Washed with soap and water

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10
Q

Step by step documentation of handling and testing of legal specimens. It begins with patient identification and continues until testing is completed and results reported

A

Chain of custody (Chain of Evidence)

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11
Q

Required volume for drug testing

A

30-45mL

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12
Q

Capacity of container for drug testing

A

60mL

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13
Q

Normal temp of urine for drug testing

A

32.5 to 37.7 degree celsius

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14
Q

Required volume for routine urinalysis

A

10-15 mL
Average: 12mL

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15
Q

Capacity of urine container for routine urinalysis

A

50 mL

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16
Q

Which part is glucose reabsorbed

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

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17
Q

Location of the passive reabsorption of water takes place in all parts of the nephron except

A

Ascending loop of henly

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18
Q

Responsible for yellow urine

A

Carotene

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19
Q

Responsible for the red brown urine in children

A

Fuchsin (candy, food)

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20
Q

Print blurred through urine

A

Cloudy

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21
Q

Calibration of refractometer with 5% NaCl

A

1.022 +- 0.001

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22
Q

Calibration of refractometer with 9% sucrose

A

1.034 +- 0.001

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23
Q

Disorder with a cabbage odor urine

A

Methionine malabsorption

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24
Q

Concentration of sulfosalicylic acid for protein precipitation test

A

3% SSA

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25
Q

Significant value of AER: albumin excretion rate

A

20-200 ug/min

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26
Q

Principle of micral test

A

Enzyme Immunoassay

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27
Q

11th pad in the reagent strip

A

Vit C, ascorbic acid

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28
Q

Differentiates hemoglobin from myoglobin

A

Blondheim’s test
Ammonum sulfate ppt. Hemoglobin

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29
Q

Interference contrast microscope

A

Nomarski microscope

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30
Q

RBCs in hypotonic

A

Ghost cells

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31
Q

WBCs in hypotonic urine

A

Glitter cells

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32
Q

Lipid - containing RTE cells

A

Oval far bodies, lipiduria, nephrotic syndrom

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33
Q

RTE cells with nonlipid containing vacuoles

A

Bubble cells, acute tubular necrosis

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34
Q

Where are casts formed

A

In DCT and CT

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35
Q

Casts increased in congestive heart failure

A

Hyaline casts

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36
Q

Lemon shaped crystals

A

uric acid

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37
Q

Crystals found in ethylene glycol poisoning

A

Monohydrate calcium oxalate
Oval, dumbbell

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38
Q

Characteristic of ampicillin crystals

A

Colorless needles

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39
Q

Yellow brown, occasionally colorless sheaths of wheat, rosettes, meedles.
Confirmed by the Diazo reaction

A

Sulfonamide crystals

40
Q

Flat rectangular plates or prisms

A

Calcium phosphate, apatite

41
Q

Calcium phosphate also known as

A

Apatite

42
Q

Dihydrate calcium oxalate
Envelope, pyramidal

A

Weddelite

43
Q

Monohydrate calcium oxalate
Oval dumbbell

A

Whewellite

44
Q

Triple phosphate
Magnesium ammonium phosphate

A

Struvite

45
Q

Renal calculi may form in the

A

Calyces and pelvis of the kidney, ureters and bladder

46
Q

Calculi with yellow to brownish red, mod. Hard

A

Uric acid and urate stones

47
Q

Calculi with pale and friable

A

phosphate stones

48
Q

Calculi with very hard, dark color, rough surface

A

Calcium oxalate stones

49
Q

Calculi with yellow-brow resembling an old soap , somewhat greasy

A

Cystine stones

50
Q

Test for mucopolysaccharide, (+) white turbidity

A

CTAB
Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide

51
Q

Crystal seen in Fanconi’s syndrome

A

Cystine

52
Q

Dilution of slightly Hazy CSF

A

1:10

53
Q

Dilution for hazy CSF

A

1:20

54
Q

Dilution of slightly cloudy CSF

A

1:100

55
Q

Dilution of cloudy or slightly bloody CSF

A

1:200

56
Q

Dilution of turbid or bloody CSF

A

1:10,000

57
Q

Red, brown seminal fluid

A

Blood

58
Q

Size of acrosomal gap

A

1/2 of the head, covers 2/3 of the nucleus

59
Q

Most common cause of male infertility

A

Varicocele, hardening of the veins that drain the testes

60
Q

Counts undiluted specimens
Sperms are immobilized by heating part of the specimen prior to charging the chamber

A

Markler counting chamber

61
Q

Measurement of the size of of the head, neck and tail of the sperm using a micrometer or morphometer; not routine but recommended by WHO

A

Kruger’s strict criteria

62
Q

Test for seminal fluid fructose should be analyzed within _____ or should be ____

A

2hrs; frozen

63
Q

Florence test, choline uses

A

Iodine, potassium chloride
(+) Dark brown rhombic crystals

64
Q

Barbiero’s test, spermine uses

A

Picric acid, trichloroacetic acid
(+) yellow leaf-shaped crystals

65
Q

Normal synovial fluid color

A

Clear and pale yellow, does not clot

66
Q

Normal value of synovial fluid

A

<3.5 mL

67
Q

Normal synovial fluid glucose

A

Not more than 10 mg/dL lower than the blood value

68
Q

Monosodium urate, uric acid
(-) birefringence under a compensated polarizing light

A

Gout

69
Q

Calcium pyrophosphate
Blue (+) birefringence under a compensated polarizing light

A

Pseudogout

70
Q

Calcium phosphate, No birefringence

A

Calcified cartilage degeneration, osteoarthritis

71
Q

Normal appearance of pleural, peritoneal and pericardial fluid

A

Clear and pale yellow

72
Q

Concentric striations of collagen-like materials, benign conditions
Ovarian and thyroid carcinoma

A

Psammoma bodies

73
Q

Peritoneql fluid, bacterial peritonitis, cirrhosis

A

> 500 WBCs/ uL

74
Q

Peritoneql lavage, blunt trauma

A

> 100,000 RBCs/uL

75
Q

Increased in pancreatitis, gastrointestinal perforation in peritoneal fluid

A

amylase

76
Q

Incrrased in gastrointestinal perforation in peritoneal fluid

A

Alkaline phosphatase

77
Q

Dark green amniotic fluid

A

Meconium

78
Q

Dark red brown amniotic fluid

A

Fetal death

79
Q

Tube inserted through the nose

A

Levin tube

80
Q

Tube inserted through the mouth

A

Rehfuss tube

81
Q

Tubeless test for gastric acidity

A

Diagnex tubeless test, urine specimen Azure blue

82
Q

Positive result for guiuac

A

Blue

83
Q

Dluster of columnar cells, bronchial asthma

A

Creola bodies

84
Q

Stool color for bile duct obstruction, barium sulfate

A

Pale yellow, white, gray stool

85
Q

Stool for bile-duct obstruction, pancreatic disorders

A

Bulky/frothy stool

86
Q

Intestinal constriction stool

A

Ribbon-like stool

87
Q

Normal stool pzh

A

7-8

88
Q

Normal of fecal leukocytes indicative of an invasive condition

A

> or equal 3 neutrophils/ hpf

89
Q

Calibration of centrifuge

A

Every 3 month

90
Q

Disinfection of centrifuge

A

Weekly basis

91
Q

IRIS meaning

A

Interntional remote imging system

92
Q

PDSA meaning

A

Plan-zdo-Study-Act

93
Q

PDCA meaning

A

Plan-Do-Check-Act

94
Q

Blue quadrant

A

Health

95
Q

Red quadrant

A

Fire

96
Q

Yellow quadrant

A

Reactivity

97
Q

White quadrant

A

Specific hazard

Pretest 2 (7 decks)

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