Clinical Microscopy Flashcards by Manel Libanan

Seen under LPF

Casts, Squamous epithelial cells, Mucus, Abnormal crystals

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Seen under HPF

RBCs, WBCs, Transitional epithelial cells, RTE cells, Oval fat bodies, Bacteria, yeasts, Trichomonas, Normal crystals

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Degree of hazard for NO or minimal hazard

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Degree of hazard for slight hazard

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Degree of hazard for moderate hazard

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Degree of hazard for serious hazard

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Degree of hazard for extreme hazard

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Used to disinfect hands that are not visibly soiled

Alcohol based handrub

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Hands visibly soiled

Washed with soap and water

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Step by step documentation of handling and testing of legal specimens. It begins with patient identification and continues until testing is completed and results reported

Chain of custody (Chain of Evidence)

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Required volume for drug testing

30-45mL

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Capacity of container for drug testing

60mL

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Normal temp of urine for drug testing

32.5 to 37.7 degree celsius

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Required volume for routine urinalysis

10-15 mL
Average: 12mL

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Capacity of urine container for routine urinalysis

50 mL

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Which part is glucose reabsorbed

Proximal convoluted tubule

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Location of the passive reabsorption of water takes place in all parts of the nephron except

Ascending loop of henly

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Responsible for yellow urine

Carotene

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Responsible for the red brown urine in children

Fuchsin (candy, food)

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Print blurred through urine

Cloudy

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Calibration of refractometer with 5% NaCl

1.022 +- 0.001

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Calibration of refractometer with 9% sucrose

1.034 +- 0.001

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Disorder with a cabbage odor urine

Methionine malabsorption

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Concentration of sulfosalicylic acid for protein precipitation test

3% SSA

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Significant value of AER: albumin excretion rate

20-200 ug/min

Principle of micral test

Enzyme Immunoassay

11th pad in the reagent strip

Vit C, ascorbic acid

Differentiates hemoglobin from myoglobin

Blondheim’s test Ammonum sulfate ppt. Hemoglobin

Interference contrast microscope

Nomarski microscope

RBCs in hypotonic

Ghost cells

WBCs in hypotonic urine

Glitter cells

Lipid - containing RTE cells

Oval far bodies, lipiduria, nephrotic syndrom

RTE cells with nonlipid containing vacuoles

Bubble cells, acute tubular necrosis

Where are casts formed

In DCT and CT

Casts increased in congestive heart failure

Hyaline casts

Lemon shaped crystals

uric acid

Crystals found in ethylene glycol poisoning

Monohydrate calcium oxalate Oval, dumbbell

Characteristic of ampicillin crystals

Colorless needles

Yellow brown, occasionally colorless sheaths of wheat, rosettes, meedles. Confirmed by the Diazo reaction

Sulfonamide crystals

Flat rectangular plates or prisms

Calcium phosphate, apatite

Calcium phosphate also known as

Apatite

Dihydrate calcium oxalate Envelope, pyramidal

Weddelite

Monohydrate calcium oxalate Oval dumbbell

Whewellite

Triple phosphate Magnesium ammonium phosphate

Struvite

Renal calculi may form in the

Calyces and pelvis of the kidney, ureters and bladder

Calculi with yellow to brownish red, mod. Hard

Uric acid and urate stones

Calculi with pale and friable

phosphate stones

Calculi with very hard, dark color, rough surface

Calcium oxalate stones

Calculi with yellow-brow resembling an old soap , somewhat greasy

Cystine stones

Test for mucopolysaccharide, (+) white turbidity

CTAB Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide

Crystal seen in Fanconi’s syndrome

Cystine

Dilution of slightly Hazy CSF

1:10

Dilution for hazy CSF

1:20

Dilution of slightly cloudy CSF

1:100

Dilution of cloudy or slightly bloody CSF

1:200

Dilution of turbid or bloody CSF

1:10,000

Red, brown seminal fluid

Blood

Size of acrosomal gap

1/2 of the head, covers 2/3 of the nucleus

Most common cause of male infertility

Varicocele, hardening of the veins that drain the testes

Counts undiluted specimens Sperms are immobilized by heating part of the specimen prior to charging the chamber

Markler counting chamber

Measurement of the size of of the head, neck and tail of the sperm using a micrometer or morphometer; not routine but recommended by WHO

Kruger’s strict criteria

Test for seminal fluid fructose should be analyzed within _____ or should be ____

2hrs; frozen

Florence test, choline uses

Iodine, potassium chloride (+) Dark brown rhombic crystals

Barbiero’s test, spermine uses

Picric acid, trichloroacetic acid (+) yellow leaf-shaped crystals

Normal synovial fluid color

Clear and pale yellow, does not clot

Normal value of synovial fluid

<3.5 mL

Normal synovial fluid glucose

Not more than 10 mg/dL lower than the blood value

Monosodium urate, uric acid (-) birefringence under a compensated polarizing light

Gout

Calcium pyrophosphate Blue (+) birefringence under a compensated polarizing light

Pseudogout

Calcium phosphate, No birefringence

Calcified cartilage degeneration, osteoarthritis

Normal appearance of pleural, peritoneal and pericardial fluid

Clear and pale yellow

Concentric striations of collagen-like materials, benign conditions Ovarian and thyroid carcinoma

Psammoma bodies

Peritoneql fluid, bacterial peritonitis, cirrhosis

> 500 WBCs/ uL

Peritoneql lavage, blunt trauma

> 100,000 RBCs/uL

Increased in pancreatitis, gastrointestinal perforation in peritoneal fluid

amylase

Incrrased in gastrointestinal perforation in peritoneal fluid

Alkaline phosphatase

Dark green amniotic fluid

Meconium

Dark red brown amniotic fluid

Fetal death

Tube inserted through the nose

Levin tube

Tube inserted through the mouth

Rehfuss tube

Tubeless test for gastric acidity

Diagnex tubeless test, urine specimen Azure blue

Positive result for guiuac

Blue

Dluster of columnar cells, bronchial asthma

Creola bodies

Stool color for bile duct obstruction, barium sulfate

Pale yellow, white, gray stool

Stool for bile-duct obstruction, pancreatic disorders

Bulky/frothy stool

Intestinal constriction stool

Ribbon-like stool

Normal stool pzh

7-8

Normal of fecal leukocytes indicative of an invasive condition

> or equal 3 neutrophils/ hpf

Calibration of centrifuge

Every 3 month

Disinfection of centrifuge

Weekly basis

IRIS meaning

Interntional remote imging system

PDSA meaning

Plan-zdo-Study-Act

PDCA meaning

Plan-Do-Check-Act

Blue quadrant

Health

Red quadrant

Fire

Yellow quadrant

Reactivity

White quadrant

Specific hazard