CC Flashcards
Assay for urea that is inexpensive but lacks specificity
Colorimetric, diacetyl
Assay for urea that measures ammonia formation
Enzymatic
Simple nonspecific method for creatinine
Colorimetric, endpoint
Assay for creatinine which is rapid and with increased specificity
Colorimetric, kinetic
Assay for creatinine that measures ammonia colorimetrically or with ion-selective electrode
Enymatic
Assay for uric acid, problems with turbidity
Colorimetric
Assay for uric acid that needs special instrumentation and optical cells
Enzymatic: UV
Assay for Uric acid, interference by reducing substances
Enymatic: H2O2
Least interference with analysis
Heparin
Heparin for most chemistry tests
Lithium heparin
Glucose is metabolized at room temperature
7 mg/dL/hour
Glucose is metabolized at 4 degree celsius
2 mg/dL/hour
Ingest at least 150 g/day of carbohydrates or the 3 days preceding the test
OGTT
Performed routinely to monitor glucose control
Glycosylated hemoglobin
Gestation diabetes patients develop diabetes
Within 5 to 10 years
NCEP guidelines for acceptable measurement error for cholesterol
CV less than or equal to 3%
NCEP guidelines for acceptable measurement error for triglycerides
CV is less than or equal 5%
NCEP guidelines for acceptable measurement error of LDL, HDL
CV less than or equal to 4%
Minor lipoproteins
IDL and Lp (a)
Major structural protein in HDL
Apo A1
Major structural protein in VLDL and LDL
Apo B100
Structural protein in chylomicrons
Apo B48
LDL cholesterol may be calculated from measurement of
TC, TAG and HDL-c
Floating beta-lipoprotein
B-VLDL
Sinking pre-beta lipoprotein
Lp (a)
HDL cholesterol protective against heart disease
> 60 mg/dL
HDL cholesterol major risk for heart disease
<40 mg/dL
Serum cholesterol moderate and high risk for ages 2-19 years old
Mod: >170 mg/dL
High: >185 mg/dL
Serum cholesterol moderate and high risk for ages 20-29 years old
Mod: >200 mg/dL
High: >220 mg/dL
Serum cholesterol moderate and high risk for ages 30-39 years old
Mod: >220 mg/dL
High: >240 mg/dL
Serum cholesterol moderate and high risk for ages 40 and over
Mod: >240 mg/dL
High: >260 mg/dL
Fever will decrease pO2 by
7%
Fever will increase pCO2 by
3%
Potentiometry measures
pH, pCO2
Amperometry measures
pO2
Forward reaction for CK
Tanzer-Gilvarg
Reverse reaction for CK
Oliver Rosalki
Forward reaction for LD
Wacker
Reverse reaction for LD
Wroblewski Ladue
High specificity for erythrocytes,prostate
Acid phosphatase
High specificity for the liver
Alanine aminotransferase/ SGPT
High specificity for pancreas
Lipase
High specificity for pancreas, salivary gland
Amylase
Moderate specificity for liver, heart, skeletal muscle
Aspartate aminotransferase/ SGOT
Moderate specificity for heart, skeletal muscles, brain
Creatinine kinase
Low specificity for liver, bone, kidney
Alkaline phosphatase
Low specificity, all tissues
Lactate dehydrogenase
Most potent of the estrogen
Estradiol
Hypersecretion of growth hormone in adults
Acromegaly
Confirmatory test for acromegaly
Glucose suppresion test - OGTT
Effect of growth hormone to blood glucose
Increase
Increase in cortisol caused by excessive development and activity of pituitary gland
Cushing’s disease
T3 and T3 uptake test in hypothyroidism
Both decreased
T3 and T3 uptake uptake in hyperthyroidism
Both increased
Relationship of T3 and T3 uptake test
Direct
Relationship of T3 uptake test and TBG
Inverse
Cholesterol and triglycerides in hypothyroidism
Increased
Stages of impairment by ethanol with no obvious impairment, some changes observable on performance testing
0.01-0.05%
Stages of impairment by ethanol with decreased inhibitions, loss of critical judgment, memory impairment, diminished reaction time
0.09 - 0.25%
Stages of impairment by ethanol with decreased inhibitions, loss of critical judgment, memory impairment, diminished reaction time
0.09 - 0.25%
Stages of impairment by ethanol with mild euphoria, decreased inhibitions, some impairment of motor skills
0.03 -0.12%
Stages of impairment by ethanol with mental confusion, dizziness, strongly impaired motor skills (staggering, slurred speech)
0.18 - 0.30%
Stages of impairment by ethanol with unable to stand or walk, vomiting, impaired consciousness
0.27 - 0.40%
Stages of impairment by ethanol with coma and possible death
0.35 - 0.50%
Presumptive evidence of driving under the influence of alcohol
0.10%
<80 mg/dL
Metabolite of cocaine
Benzoylecgonine
BMI of obese
More than or equal to 30 kg/m2
Blood pressure cuff as tourniquet
40-60 mmhg
Horizontal position in the centrifuge when spinning and a vertical position when the head is not moving
Horizontal centrifuge/ swinging bucket centrifuge
HAXI in X-axis
Horizontal, abscissa, independent variable
VOYD in Y-axis
Vertical, Ordinate, Dependent variables
Test for accuracy, mean
T test
Test for Precision, S.D.
F test
Control that continue to either increase or decrease over a period of 6 consecutive days
Trend
Six or more consecutive daily values that distribute themselves on one side or either side of mean
Shift
Gradual change in the control sample
Trend
Sudden and sustained change in one direction in control sample values
Shift
The smaller the CV
Greater precision
Alternate site testing, near patient testing, decentralized testing, bedside testing or ancillary testing
Point of care testing (POCT)