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LCSW > Clinical Diagnosis Text > Flashcards

Clinical Diagnosis Text Flashcards

1
Q

This IQ represents mild mental retardation.

A

50-55 to 70

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2
Q

This IQ represents moderate mental retardation.

A

35-40 to 50-55

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3
Q

This IQ represents severe mental retardation.

A

20-25 to 35-40

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4
Q

This level of IQ represents profound mental retardation.

A

Below 20-25

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5
Q

On what Axis is the etiology of an intellectual disability coded?

A

Axis III (medical)

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6
Q

Name four Cognitive Assessment Standard Tests

A

1) Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale
2) Kaufmann Assessment Battery for Children
3) Weschler Intelligence Scales
4) Bayley Scales of Infant Development

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7
Q

What is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability?

A

Down Syndrome

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8
Q

Why are boys overrepresented in intellectual disabilities?

A

Due to sex related genetic disorders such as Fragile X.

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9
Q

IEP Objectives should be what three things?

A
  • individualized
  • measurable
  • obtainable
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10
Q

What are the four steps of ABA?

A
  • delineating sequences of behavior into constituent parts
  • managing stimulus and reinforcement conditions
  • gradually fading prompts and reinforcements
  • removing avoidable antecedents (for negative behavior)
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11
Q

What type of medication is prescribed most often for people with intellectual disabilities?

A

Antipsychotic Medication

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12
Q

Autism has marked abnormal development in ___________ and _________ and individuals display ____________.

A

1) social interaction
2) communication
3) repetitive range of ritualized behaviors

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13
Q

What parts of autism are missing in aspergers disorder?

A

unusual behaviors and environmental responsiveness

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14
Q

By what age has Autism usually appeared?

A

3

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15
Q

PPD’s occur more often in males/females but males/females tend to be more severely affected.

A

1) males

2) females

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16
Q

Is Autism an Axis I or Axis II diagnosis?

A

Axis I (formerly Axis II)

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17
Q

What are the differences between Conduct Disorder and ODD?

A
  • Children with ODD do not seriously violate the basic rights of others
  • CD includes aggression toward people or animals, destruction of property or pattern of theft and deciet
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18
Q

Conduct Disorder is a risk factor for what personality disorder in adulthood?

A

Antisocial Personality Disorder

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19
Q

Onset of ODD is usually before what age?

A

Age 8

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20
Q

What other Axis I diagnosis is common in children with CD or ODD?

A

ADHD

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21
Q

When should a diagnosis of ODD or CD not be given?

A

When the behavior is protective (ie. the child lives in a high crime area).

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21
Q

What four types of medication are commonly prescribed for CD or ODD?

A
  • stimulants
  • SNRIs (strattera)
  • antipsychotics (thoridazine)
  • mood stabilizers (lithium)
  • alpha 2 agonists (clonidine)
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22
Q

What is the definition of ADHD?

A

Persistent pattern (6 months or more) of inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsive behavior that is more frequent and severe than what is typically observed in others at a comparable developmental level.

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23
Q

How does behavior in adults with ADHD differ from children with the disorder?

A

They are not usually hyperactive but more restless, moody and impatient. They usually have difficulty managing their time and priorities.

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24
Q

True or False: CBT is found to be effective in treatment of ADHD.

A

False

25
Q

This is the most common mental disorder in the United States.

A

Anxiety Disorder

26
Q

What are the three major symptom categories in PTSD?

A
  • re-experiencing
  • avoidance and numbing
  • increased arousal
27
Q

What is the difference between anorexia binge eating/purging type and bulimia?

A

In anorexia there is a refusal to sustain minimum body weight (85% of normal).

28
Q

When is psychiatric medication most appropriate to prescribe in treatment of anorexia?

A

After the client has gained weight.

29
Q

Name the three main mood disorders.

A
  • bipolar disorder
  • major depressive disorder
  • dysthymic disorder
30
Q

What is the definition of Major Depressive Disorder?

A

Period of at least 2 weeks during which a person experiences a depressed mood or loss of interest in nearly all life activities.

Symptoms occur in all 5 domains: affective, behavioral, attitude, cognitive and physical.

31
Q

What is the definition of Dysthymic Disorder?

A

General personality style featuring symptoms that are similar to but less intense than major depression. Requires 2 years of continually depressed mood.

32
Q

Dysthymic Disorder generally has a(n) ______ age of onset.

A

Early

33
Q

List 8 things that are associated with suicide risk.

A

1) ideation with intent or plans
2) history and seriousness of previous attempts
3) access to and lethality of means
4) psychotic symptoms
5) severe anxiety
6) substance use
7) conduct problems
8) family history

34
Q

What is the difference between substance abuse and dependence?

A

Abuse: negative consequences of use
Dependence: compulsive use despite negative consequences, accompanied by tolerance and withdrawl

35
Q

When do alcohol withdrawal symptoms peak and when do they typically resolve?

A

Peaks second day and resolves in 4 to 5 days.

36
Q

What are the six stages of the Transtheoretical Stages of Change model?

A

1) Precontemplation
2) Contemplation
3) Preparation
4) Action
5) Maintenance
6) Relapse

37
Q

What are the five principles of Motivational Interviewing?

A
  • listening and expressing empathy
  • developing discrepancies between problem behavior and client’s goals and values
  • rolling with resistance (avoid power struggles)
  • supporting self efficacy and sense of confidence
  • developing a change plan
38
Q

What type of intervention is preferred for treating pedophilia and why?

A

Group intervention because the abuser is less able to minimize, deny or rationalize.

40
Q

How long must a major depressive episode last in order to be considered part of a Bipolar Disorder diagnosis?

A

2 weeks

41
Q

What is the definition of a hypomanic episode?

A

Gradual escalation from stable mood to mania. Mild form that may be pleasurable. Lasts several days to weeks.

42
Q

What is the difference between Bipolar I and II?

A

Bipolar I includes one or more manic episodes usually accompanied by a major depressive episode. Bipolar II involves one or more major depressive episode accompanied by at least one hypomanic episode.

43
Q

What are people with Bipolar II usually misdiagnosed with and why?

A

Major depression and are re-diagnosed after an instance of anti-depression induced mania.

44
Q

What are the three main types of medication used for Bipolar Disorder?

A
  • lithium
  • anti-epilepsy
  • anti-psychotic
45
Q

What does lithium do and why is monitoring important?

A

Lithium stabilizes both depression and mania. Monitoring is important because the difference between therapeutic and toxic levels are not great.

46
Q

In treating Bipolar Disorder what type of medication may be used to control mania until the primary medication takes effect?

A

Antipsychotics

47
Q

Name the Cluster A personality disorders.

A

Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal

48
Q

Name the Cluster B Personality Disorders

A

Antisocial, Borderline, Narcissistic, Histrionic

49
Q

Name the Cluster C personality disorders.

A

Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive Compulsive

50
Q

What is a very common defense mechanism seen in Borderline Personality Disorder?

A

Splitting - cannot maintain an idea of person having both positive and negative qualities. Believes a person must be all good or all bad.

51
Q

Why does Borderline Personality Disorder lack validity in young people?

A

Because many of it’s symptoms have been shown to occur over the course of normal adolescence.

52
Q

Name the 5 subtypes of Schizophrenia.

A

Paranoid, Catatonic, Disorganized, Undifferentiated and Residual

53
Q

What is the concept of “downward drift”?

A

Many people who develop schizophrenia lose their occupational and social skills and therefore end up in lower socioeconomic status.

54
Q

What is the typical age of onset for schizophrenia for men and women?

A

Men: 18-26
Women: 26-40

55
Q

What is the difference between schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder?

A

They are similar except for the duration. For schizophreniform the duration needs to be more than one month but less than six. The client may or may not go on to be diagnosed with schizophrenia.

56
Q

Under what conditions would a person with schizophreniform disorder have good prognostic features?

A
  • within 4 weeks of first noticeable change
  • had good prior functioning
  • maintains a normal range of mood
57
Q

What is schizoaffective disorder?

A

A diagnosis in which a person experiences mental illness that features symptoms that meet “criterion A” for schizophrenia as well as either manic, major depressive or mixed mood episode.

58
Q

What is the primary intervention modality for schizophrenia?

A

Medication

59
Q

What is a theory as to why schizophrenia is more often diagnosed in African Americans?

A

Due to clinician bias and misattribution of learned suspicious attitudes.

60
Q

What differentiates a delirium from dementia?

A

Brief and usually recedes in 3 to 7 days once cause is identified. Delirium originates outside of the CNS.

61
Q

What is sundowning?

A

Increase in the level of confusion during the late afternoon and evening hours in people with Alzheimer’s.

62
Q

What is Vascular Dementia and how does it differ from Alzheimer’s?

A

It is caused by blocked blood vessels to the brain due to cerebral infarction or hemorrhage. Onset is much more abrupt and fluctuating that Alzheimer’s.

LCSW (12 decks)

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