Clinical Cardiology

Question 1

How can you calculate the rate of an ECG using the RR interval?

Answer 1

Number of big squares between R waves, divide this number into 300

Question 2

Early signs of MI on ECG?

Answer 2

T waves begin to peak then ST elevation.

Question 3

Within a few days of an MI, pathological waves begin to form, what are these waves?

Answer 3

Pathological Q waves.

Question 4

Most common sign on an ECG of a PE?

Answer 4

Sinus tachycardia

Question 5

Indications for Exercise ECG testing?

Answer 5

• To help confirm a suspected diagnosis of IHD.
• Assessment of cardiac function and exercise tolerance.
• Evaluation of response to treatments.
• Assessment of exercise induced arrhythmias.

Question 6

Hypokalaemia shows which change on an ECG?

Answer 6

The formation of U waves.

Question 7

What is the mechanism of action of thiazide like diuretics?

Answer 7

They inhibit the Na+ Cl- co transporter

Question 8

Signs of a PE on an ECG?

Answer 8

Sinus tachycardia (most common)
Signs of right heart strain
S1Q3T3 (S wave in lead 1, Q wave in lead 3 and an inverted T wave in lead 3)

Question 9

At what level does the aorta bifurcate into the left and right common iliac arteries?

Answer 9

L4