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Abs MSK > Clinical Anatomy - Spine > Flashcards

Clinical Anatomy - Spine Flashcards

1
Q

how many vertebrae in the vertebral column

A

33

7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 4 coccygeal

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2
Q

how many curves in a healthy spine

A

4

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3
Q

features of thoracic vertebrae

A

small pedicles and long spinous processes

more vertical facet joints

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4
Q

features of lumbar vertebrae

A

longer and wider pedicles
horizontal spinous processes
more horizontal facet joints

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5
Q

function of facet joints

A

stabilise the spinal column

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6
Q

what type of joint are facet joints

A

synovial

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7
Q

what are the sacroiliac joints used for

A

shock absorption

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8
Q

name for C1

A

atlas

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9
Q

name for C2

A

axis

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10
Q

features of C1

A

no body

articulates with occiput of skull

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11
Q

features of C2

A

dens process

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12
Q

features of cervical vertebrae

A

transverse foramen
small body, wide lamina
short transverse processes

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13
Q

movements at atlanto-occipital joint

A

flexion
extension
lateral flexion

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14
Q

movement at atlanto-dens joint

A

rotation

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15
Q

first palpable vertebra (NB not most palpable)

A

C7

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16
Q

features of intervertebral discs

A

outer annulus fibrosis and inner nucleus pulposus

accounts for 1/4 of length of spine

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17
Q

ligaments running length of column

A

anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments

18
Q

ligament linking vertebral laminae

A

ligamentum flavum

19
Q

anterior column of spine contents

A

anterior longitudinal ligament
anterior annulus
anterior 2/3 of vertebral body

20
Q

middle column of spine contents

A

posterior 1/3 vertebral body
posterior annulus
posterior longitudinal ligament

21
Q

posterior column of spine contents

A

pedicles, lamina, facets
spinous processes
posterior ligaments

22
Q

3 column theory of denis

A

1 column injured - stable
2 columns injured - maybe unstable
3 columns injured - unstable

23
Q

the spinal cord is a continuation of what

A

medulla oblongata

24
Q

where does the spinal cord exit the skull

A

foramen magnum

25
Q

where does the spinal cord terminate

A

cauda equina at L2

26
Q

define myotomes

A

muscles controlled by the motor element of the nerve root from a specific level

27
Q

define dermatomes

A

skin sensation supplied by the sensory element of the nerve root from a specific level

28
Q

are sensory tracts ascending or descending

A

ascending

29
Q

are motor tracts ascending or descending

A

descending

30
Q

features of posterior/anterior spinocerebellar tracts (sensory)

A

ascend spine on ipsilateral side of the cord
enter cerebellum
carry info related to proprioception

31
Q

features of lateral/anterior spinothalamic tracts (sensory)

A

enter then ascend spine on ipsilateral side of cord for a couple of levels then cross and ascend on contralateral side
enter thalamus
carry info related to pain and temperature

32
Q

features of posterior columns - fasciculus gracilis of Goll, fasciculus cuneatus of Burdach (sensory)

A

ascend spine on ipsilateral side

carry info related to fine touch and proprioception

33
Q

features of crossed pyramidal/lateral cerebrospinal tract (motor)

A

crosses at medullary level

descend spine on contralateral side of cord

34
Q

features of uncrossed pyramidal/anterior cerebrospinal tract (motor)

A

descend spine on ipsilateral side of cord

cross at same level it exits cord

35
Q

white matter contains

A

ascending sensory tracts and descending motor tracts

36
Q

what do the posterior rami supply

A

intrinsic back muscles and skin sensation in the centre of the back

37
Q

what do the anterior rami supply

A

rest of body/limbs

38
Q

where do nerve roots exit spinal column

A

intervertebral foramina

39
Q

nerve roots in cauda equina

A

L2-5, S1-5, coccygeal

40
Q

what do the nerves of the cauda equina supply

A

pelvic organs and lower limbs

41
Q

spinal arterial supply

A

anterior and posterior spinal arteries descend from pia

42
Q

spinal venous supply

A

Batsons venous plexus - network of valveless veins connecting deep pelvic veins and thoracic veins to internal vertebral venous plexuses

Abs MSK (14 decks)

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